Unlocking the clinical potential of paired inspiratory and expiratory CT scans in the differential diagnosis of cystic lung diseases: A systematic review.

Introduction: Currently, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the imaging of choice for the differential diagnosis of various cystic lung lesions, including true cystic lung diseases (CLD) and lesions that may mimic them. However, the traditionally used inspiratory scan still presents a significant spectrum of overlapping radiological features. Recent studies have demonstrated variation in lesion size between inspiratory and expiratory phases, probably due to cyst-airway communication.

Diagnostic Performance of MRI for the Detection of Pulmonary Nodules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose To perform a meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of MRI for the detection of pulmonary nodules, with use of CT as the reference standard. Materials and Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and other databases were systematically searched for studies published from January 2000 to March 2023 evaluating the performance of MRI for diagnosis of lung nodules measuring 4 mm or larger, with CT as reference. Studies including micronodules, nodules without size stratification, or those from which data for contingency tables could not be extracted were excluded.

Prognostic value of nutritional screening tools in hospitalized patients with decompensated heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nutritional risk screening is fundamental to prevent undesirable outcomes in heart failure (HF). Current reviews of nutritional screening tools encompass both hospitalized and outpatient settings, which may not be suitable because of different clinical manifestations. We hypothesize that multidimensional tools would better identify prognosis of decompensated patients because the tools assess more than isolated aspects.

Artificial intelligence to predict the need for mechanical ventilation in cases of severe COVID-19.

Objective: To determinate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) imaging assessed by deep neural networks for predicting the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study carried out at two hospitals in Brazil. We included CT scans from patients who were hospitalized due to severe acute respiratory syndrome and had COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography and point-shear wave elastography for significant hepatic fibrosis screening: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The hepatic diseases are extremely common in clinical practice. The correct classification of liver fibrosis is extremely important, as it influences therapy and predicts disease outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of point-shear wave elastography (pSWE) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in the hepatic fibrosis diagnostic.

Deep Learning Algorithms for Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of current deep learning algorithms for the diagnosis of lung cancer. We searched major databases up to June 2022 to include studies that used artificial intelligence to diagnose lung cancer, using the histopathological analysis of true positive cases as a reference. The quality of the included studies was assessed independently by two authors based on the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.

ACCURACY OF ABBREVIATED PROTOCOL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE CHOLANGIO-PANCREATOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS.

Background: Abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging protocols have emerged to reduce the examination time of the long protocols eliminating unnecessary pulse sequences to answer a targeted clinical question, without compromising diagnostic information.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an abbreviated magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (A-MRCP) protocol in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients (ages 10 + years) that performed consecutive MRCP examination from October 2019 to June 2020, with the clinical suspicion of choledocholithiasis.

Postoperative computed tomography of insufflated lung specimens obtained by video-assisted thoracic surgery: detection and margin assessment of pulmonary nodules.

Objective: To investigate the utility of computed tomography (CT) scans to detect and assess the margin status of pulmonary nodules that were insufflated after being resected by video-assisted thoracic surgery.

Materials And Methods: This was a novel multicenter study conducted at two national referral centers for thoracic diseases. Patients suspected of having lung cancer underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery for the resection of pulmonary nodules, which were submitted to postoperative CT.

Effect of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine Immunosuppressants on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Peripheral nerve damage is an important cause of seeking medical attention. It occurs when the continuity of structures is interrupted and the propagation of nervous impulses is blocked, affecting the functional capacity of individuals. To assess the effects of the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine on the regeneration of peripheral nerves, a systematic review of the literature was carried out.

Breast MRI: Simplifying Protocol and BI-RADS Categories.

Background: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful imaging method, and studies have proven abbreviated protocols may reduce its time and costs with comparable accuracy. To assess the agreement of the abbreviated and full MRI protocols for breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included consecutive women who underwent breast MRI from June 2019 to May 2020.

Shear wave elastography and Doppler ultrasound in kidney transplant recipients.

Objective: To evaluate the association between shear wave elastography parameters and arterial resistance in kidney transplant recipients.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study involving consecutive adult kidney transplant recipients. All patients underwent color Doppler to evaluate the resistive index (RI) and ultrasound shear wave elastography for the quantification of renal allograft stiffness.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of metastasis in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is a noninvasive imaging method that can be used to diagnose and stage tumors, as well as to assess therapeutic responses in oncology. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the accuracy of WB-MRI for the diagnosis of metastases in pediatric patients. The following electronic databases were searched: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.

Down syndrome and breastfeeding: A systematic review.

Several conditions related to serious difficulty in initiating and maintaining breastfeeding in neonates with Down syndrome are described in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of breastfeeding in neonates with Down syndrome, as well as the reasons for not breastfeeding, through a systematic literature review by searching MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase via Elsevier, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Sixteen studies were included with a total sample size of 2022 children with Down syndrome.

Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Children With Excess Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Because of its high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life and longevity, overweight in childhood and adolescence is a major public health concern. The objective of the present study was to determine whether excess weight is associated with clinical outcomes in critically ill children and adolescents admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Method: This retrospective cohort study was performed with children and adolescents admitted to a PICU over 3 years.

Antioxidant Micronutrients and Essential Fatty Acids Supplementation on Cystic Fibrosis Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Antioxidant micronutrients and essential fatty acids supplementation intake appears to have a protective effect in some diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and asthma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the effects of these nutrients on nutritional and clinical outcomes of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Methods: This is a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in CF.

Can skinfold thickness equations be substituted for bioimpedance analysis in children?

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the agreement between the most used skinfold thickness equations with multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis in the prediction of body fat levels in children.

Method: A cross-sectional study of healthy Brazilian community-dwelling individuals. The anthropometric assessment included height, body mass, arm circumference, and waist circumference.

TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET QUALITY INDEX IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS.

Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescent (KIDMED) for the Brazilian population.

Methods: The processes of translation and cultural adaptation followed internationally standardized methodological norms. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman dispersion analysis to assess the reproducibility and calculated the internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

Body composition parameters can better predict body size dissatisfaction than body mass index in children and adolescents.

Purpose: Recent studies suggest that body mass index is not a reliable enough measurement for body composition in individuals, particularly in older and younger people. However, most research on body image has used the body mass index (BMI) as a physiological predictor of body satisfaction, particularly in children. The aim of this study was to investigate whether body composition is a better predictor of body size dissatisfaction in children than BMI.

BODY MASS INDEX AND ALBUMIN LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY FUNCTION PARAMETERS IN PEDIATRIC SUBJECTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS.

Objective: To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) and albumin with pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF) pediatric subjects.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with clinically stable CF's subjects. Clinical (pulmonary function) and nutritional evaluation (body mass index and albumin) were performed.

The role of neonatal screening in nutritional evolution in the first 12 months after diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.

Objective: to assess the progression of pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients' nutritional status during the first 12 months after diagnosis and to establish its association with neonatal screening and clinical variables. Patients were recruited from two reference centers in Southern Brazil.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study was carried out with all the patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2014.

Association between phase angle from bioelectrical impedance analysis and level of physical activity: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between physical activity and phase angle.

Design: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Electronic searches of MEDLINE (via PUBMED), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), SciELO, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to December 10th, 2017.

Asthma control, lung function, nutritional status, and health-related quality of life: differences between adult males and females with asthma.

Objective: To evaluate health-related quality of life in asthma patients treated at a referral center in southern Brazil, identifying differences between male and female patients, as well as to evaluate differences between the males and females in terms of asthma control, lung function, and nutritional status.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients ≥ 18 years of age treated at an asthma outpatient clinic. We evaluated clinical parameters, lung function, nutritional status, and quality of life.

Nutrition Status Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Inpatients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Background: The association between tuberculosis (TB) and malnutrition is well recognized. Considering the risk of mortality due to malnutrition in patients with TB, it is necessary to conduct a thorough nutrition assessment to identify individuals at nutrition risk. The study objective was to assess the nutrition status of hospitalized patients with TB, co-infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Factors associated with malnutrition in adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition in patients attending an adult cystic fibrosis (CF) program and to investigate the associations of malnutrition with the clinical characteristics of those patients.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients with clinically stable CF patients (16 years of age or older). The patients underwent clinical assessment, nutritional assessments, pulmonary function tests, and pancreatic function assessment.