Glutamine synthetase evolutionary history revisited: Tracing back beyond the Last Universal Common Ancestor.

Glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.

Paenibacillus helianthi sp. nov., a nitrogen fixing species isolated from the rhizosphere of Helianthus annuus L.

Three facultatively anaerobic endospore-forming bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of sunflowers grown in fields of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The designated type strain P26E was previously identified as a sunflower growth promoting bacterium and is able to fix nitrogen and to excrete ammonia. According to analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences, P26E presented similarity values above 98.

Reclassification of as a Genomovar of : Genome-Based Metrics Improve Bacterial Taxonomic Classification.

Species from the genus are widely studied due to their biotechnological relevance. Dozens of novel species descriptions of this genus were published in the last couple of years, but few utilized genomic data as classification criteria. Here, we demonstrate the importance of using genome-based metrics and phylogenetic analyses to identify and classify strains.

How to transform a recalcitrant Paenibacillus strain: From culture medium to restriction barrier.

Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5 is a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from the wheat rhizosphere. Its recalcitrance to genetic manipulation is a major bottleneck for molecular studies, as has been reported for other Paenibacillus environmental isolates. An efficient electroporation protocol was established by evaluating diverse parameters and optimizing the culture medium, culture growth phase, electroporation solution, recovery medium, DNA input, and electric field strength.

Iron deficiency resistance mechanisms enlightened by gene expression analysis in Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5.

Despite its importance in growth and cell division, iron metabolism is still poorly understood in microorganisms, especially in Gram-positive bacteria. In this work, we used RNA sequencing technology to elucidate global mechanisms involved in iron starvation resistance in Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5, a potential plant growth-promoting bacterium. Iron deficiency caused several changes in gene expression, and 150 differentially expressed genes were found: 71 genes were overexpressed and 79 genes were underexpressed.