[Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsies in order to avoid axilar dissection in early breast cancer].

Objective: To present the characteristics of women with early breast cancer and clinically negative ganglia who were submitted to LM and SLNB in order to select the positive cases for axilar dissection and to identify the negative cases.

Material And Methods: Cases included patients who attended the Breast Tumor Service of the Oncology Hospital of the National Medical Center of the Mexican Social Security Institute from March 1, 2002, to April 30, 2004. Women with early breast cancer and clinically negative ganglia (N0) were included, with out previous treatment and without previous biopsies.

[Physiopathological alterations secondary to extracorporeal circulation in cardiac surgery].

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is one of the methods used in myocardial revascularization and can be associated with adverse events that are uncommon, but CPB induces high morbidity and mortality. Cardiac surgery and CPB activate a systemic inflammatory response characterized by tissular lesions, cells movements and blood flow toward the interstice where the harmful stimulus has begun, under the influence of the mediators. The systemic inflammatory response may be initiated during cardiac surgery by a number of processes, including blood contact with the foreign surface of the CPB apparatus, development of ischemia and reperfusion injury, and presence of endotoxemia.

[Simultaneous evaluation of the myocardial perfusion and contraction for cardiac scintigraphy synchronized to the electrocardiogram for the differential diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy and the ischemic ventricular damage].

Objective: We evaluated the precision of the perfusion and ventricular function through cardiac scintigraphy 99mTc-MIBI SPECT synchronized to the electrocardiogram to differentiate the ventricular damage of ischemic origin from the dilated cardiomyopathy.

Methods: Thirty patients with myocardial damage with ejection fraction =30% were included. We analyzed the prognostic value of clinical, angiographic, and 99mTc-MIBI SPECT variables.

[Left atrial dissection. Review].

The left atrial dissection is a rare complication occurring mainly after mitral surgery, thoracic trauma, myocardial infarction and infectious endocarditis. The clinical diagnosis can be confused with isolated prosthetic dysfunction, myocardial infarction. Its onset and, its form of presentation vary widely, concerning to the intensity and to the moment in which the symptoms appear.

[Mitral valve prolapse. A review].

Primary mitral valve prolapse (MVP) or the disease known as MVP, consists of mixomatous degeneration of the mitral valve with systolic displacement of a portion or all of one or both mitral leaflets beyond mitral annulus into left atrium during systole, associated or not with mitral insufficiency. Prevalence in Mexican population is <2%. MVP behavior is benign unless associated with mitral insufficiency (MI, moderate-to-severe) or complications, or is associated with other syndromes.

[Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelids].

Sebaceous gland carcinoma is considered a relatively rare tumor and represents approximately 1 and 5% of all eyelid tumors. These tumors usually arise in the Meibomian glands of tarsus, in the Zeis glands, and the sebaceous glands of caruncle or eyebrow. In some instances it had multicentric origin, while in other cases the initial location was unable to be determined.

[Nosocomial infection surveillance: experience at a cardiology hospital in Mexico].

Objective: To describe the results of the Nosocomial Infection surveillance program at the Cardiology Hospital in Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI of the Mexican Social Security Institute.

Methodology: To inform of the epidemiologic follow-up results from January 2000 to July 2003. Global frequency, infection rates by infection site, hospital services, and frequency of most common microorganisms were estimated.