Population pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol and the impact of food and formulation on systemic exposure in children with drug-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

Objective: Identifying factors influencing cannabidiol (CBD) exposure can optimize treatment efficacy and safety. We aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of CBD in children with drug-resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) and assess the influence of environmental, pharmacological, and clinical characteristics on CBD systemic exposure.

Methods: Data from two pharmacokinetic studies of patients aged 2-18 years with DEEs were included (N = 48 patients).

Ketonemia variability through menstrual cycle in patients undergoing classic ketogenic diet.

Introduction: Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDT) are well-established, safe, non-pharmacologic treatments used for children and adults with drug-resistant epilepsy and other neurological disorders. Ketone bodies (KBs) levels are recognized as helpful to check compliance to the KDT and to attempt titration of the diet according to the individualized needs. KBs might undergo inter-individual and intra-individual variability and can be affected by several factors.

CDKL5-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: A long-term, longitudinal electroclinical study of 22 cases.

Objective: The study was conducted to analyze the possible diagnostic value of the electroclinical semiology of the epileptic seizures.

Methods: We evaluated the medical records of 17 females and 5 males with CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) considering the long-term evolution, including the polygraphic video-EEG recordings.

Results: We recognized three disease phases.

Long-term effectiveness and adverse effects of ketogenic diet therapy in infants with drug-resistant epilepsy treated at a single center in Argentina.

Introduction: Ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) is a metabolic treatment with proven effectiveness for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children. Although previously not used in infants under 2 years of age, recent studies have shown KDT to be highly effective and well tolerated in infants with epilepsy, especially those with epileptic encephalopathies. Here, we describe the effectiveness and tolerability of the diet in infants up to 2 years of age.

Cannabidiol-enriched medical cannabis as add-on therapy in children with treatment-resistant West syndrome: A study of eight patients.

Objective: Here we present a series of patients with WS that were refractory to antiseizure medications and the ketogenic diet and who were treated with cannabidiol-enriched cannabis oil (CBD) as add-on therapy analyzing efficacy, safety, and tolerability.

Material And Methods: Medical records of eight patients with WS treated with CBD at a ratio of cannabidiol:Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (CBD:THC) of 25:1 seen between May 2020 and March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. In all patients CBD was started as add-on therapy.

Electroclinical pattern in the transition from West to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze electroclinical features of a group of patients with West syndrome (WS) who subsequently developed Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) during the transition between both syndromes.

Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted of a series of patients diagnosed with WS who developed LGS seen at Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr.

West syndrome: A study of 26 patients receiving short-term therapy.

Objective: We describe the electroclinical characteristics of a series of 26 patients with idiopathic West syndrome (WS), who had an excellent response to treatment with vigabatrin (VGB) and corticosteroids alone or in combination.

Methods: Evaluating the records of 178 patients with WS studied at Garrahan Hospital, Niño Jesús Hospital, and Clínica San Lucas between January 2005 and June 2017, we selected 26 patients that met the inclusion criteria of idiopathic WS. The inclusion criteria for idiopathic WS were (1) no personal history of disease, (2) normal neurological examination and neurodevelopment, (3) symmetric spasms in clusters not preceded by any other type of seizure, (d) symmetric hypsarrhythmia, (e) normal electroencephalogram (EEG) background, e.

Genotypes and phenotypes of resistance in Ecuadorian Plasmodium falciparum.

Background: Malaria continues to be endemic in the coast and Amazon regions of Ecuador. Clarifying current Plasmodium falciparum resistance in the country will support malaria elimination efforts. In this study, Ecuadorian P.

Rasmussen syndrome: absence seizures may be induced by oxcarbazepine.

A female patient with electroclinical and neuroradiological features compatible with Rasmussen syndrome developed a particular clinical and EEG pattern. As the seizures were refractory to valproate at 750 mg/kg/day, oxcarbazepine (OXC) at 30 mg/kg/day was added. Seizures became more frequent and on neurological examination, no hemiparesis was detected.

Rasmussen syndrome: an atypical presentation in ten patients.

The aim of this study was to analyse the electroclinical and imaging findings and outcome of patients with Rasmussen syndrome (RS) with atypical manifestations. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of 10 of 44 consecutive patients with RS with atypical features, followed between 1999 and 2017. Six patients were boys and four were girls.

Late-onset childhood neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: Early clinical and electroencephalographic markers.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to describe the initial clinical and electroencephalographic findings in children with late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL).

Method: The clinical charts of 35 patients seen between 1990 and 2016 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) consisting of 12 patients with NCL type 2 (CLN2) disease confirmed by enzymatic activity in dried blood spots on filter paper and/or genetic studies, and Group 2 (G2) consisting of 23 patients with a diagnosis of LINCL based on pathology studies by muscle biopsy.

Benign rolandic epilepsy and generalized paroxysms: A study of 13 patients.

Purpose: To present a retrospective study of 13 children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS), also known as benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE), associated with generalized spikes and waves as the only EEG manifestation at onset.

Method: Charts of children with typical clinical criteria of BRE electroclinically followed-up between February 2000 and February 2015 were reviewed.

Results: Among 309 patients who met the electroclinical criteria of BRE, we identified 13 children who presented with the typical clinical manifestations but who, on the EEG, only had generalized paroxysms at onset that continued along the course of the syndrome.

Malaria epidemiology in low-endemicity areas of the northern coast of Ecuador: high prevalence of asymptomatic infections.

Background: The recent scale-up in malaria control measures in Latin America has resulted in a significant decrease in the number of reported cases in several countries including Ecuador, where it presented a low malaria incidence in recent years (558 reported cases in 2015) with occasional outbreaks of both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in the coastal and Amazonian regions. This success in malaria control in recent years has led Ecuador to transition its malaria policy from control to elimination.

Results: This study evaluated the general knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) about malaria, as well as its prevalence in four communities of an endemic area in northwest Ecuador.

Clonal population expansion in an outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum on the northwest coast of Ecuador.

Background: Determining the source of malaria outbreaks in Ecuador and identifying remaining transmission foci will help in malaria elimination efforts. In this study, the genetic signatures of Plasmodium falciparum isolates, obtained from an outbreak that occurred in northwest Ecuador from 2012 to 2013, were characterized.

Methods: Molecular investigation of the outbreak was performed using neutral microsatellites, drug resistance markers and pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genotyping.

The ketogenic diet in two paediatric patients with refractory myoclonic status epilepticus.

Aim: We describe two patients with refractory myoclonic status epilepticus treated with the ketogenic diet.

Methods: Between May 1, 2014 and January 1, 2015, two patients who met the diagnostic criteria for refractory myoclonic status epilepticus, seen at our department, were placed on the ketogenic diet and followed for a minimum of six months.

Results: One patient with myoclonic epilepsy of unknown aetiology had a 75-90% seizure reduction, and the other with progressive encephalopathy associated with myoclonic epilepsy had a 50% seizure reduction.

Identification of phenolic compounds by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and antioxidant activity from Chilean propolis.

Propolis is a complex hive product produced by honey bees, Apis mellifera. Its composition and biological activities depend on the vegetation where hives are placed. Propolis is often used as a food supplement.

[Detection of arterial hypertension in school childrens].

Introduction: Hypertension is a multifactorial desease, with increasingly incidence and prevalence, that is why it is considered a public health issue.

Objectives: To know the prevalence of hypertension in children from 6 to 12 years old, in Cipolletti city. To check if there are differences as regards sex and age.