Integrated molecular profiling of , mutations, and mismatch repair status in advanced colorectal carcinoma: insights from gender and tumor laterality.

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed forms of cancer worldwide. The (, ) and genes encode proteins that are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC and, together with the mismatch repair (MMR) system, are closely related to patient prognosis and survival in advanced CRC. Here we evaluate the mutational profile and the frequency of mutations in the , and genes, along with the expression of MMR in advanced CRC, at a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil.

Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis with Oncocytic Metaplasia Influences PD-L1 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Despite the increasing recognition of PD-L1 as predictor of immunotherapeutic response in various malignancies, its role and prognostic significance in thyroid cancer remain underexplored and subject to debate. This study begins to address this gap by comprehensively analyzing PD-L1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and investigating its correlation with key clinicopathological variables.

Methods: We conducted immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess PD-L1 expression in whole-tissue sections from 121 primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases.

Immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic features of estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-positive, HER-2 negative breast carcinomas.

Objective: Currently, there is an ongoing debate whether progesterone receptor positive and estrogen receptor negative breast carcinomas represent a true distinct subtype of tumor or a mere immunohistochemical artifact. In this study, we conducted an immunohistochemistry panel with the antibodies TFF1, EGFR, and CK5 to reclassify this phenotype in a luminal or basal-like subtype.

Methods: Tumors estrogen receptor -/progesterone receptor +, Her-2 - from a large population of breast cancer patients were selected to be studied.

Overexpression of PIK3CA impacts global survival of patients with HER2 subtype breast carcinoma.

Purpose: To investigate the expression of proteins fosfatidilinositol-4,5-bifosfate 3-quinase (PIK3CA) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in HER2-positive breast cancer and verify their associations with clinical and pathological variables.

Methods: We assessed PTEN and PIK3CA status using immunohistochemistry (IHC), which was performed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies from 50 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Medical records were studied for collection of clinical-pathological information, including overall survival (OS).

African-derived South American populations: A history of symmetrical and asymmetrical matings according to sex revealed by bi- and uni-parental genetic markers.

Estimates of African, European, and Amerindian contributions to the gene pool of 11 predominantly African-derived South American populations were obtained using five autosomal and one Y chromosome hypervariable loci, as well as mitochondrial DNA (sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the control region, plus two restriction sites and the presence or absence of the CoII/tRNA(Lys) intergenic 9-bp deletion). The three latter characteristics are reported here for the first time for 42 individuals living in three Brazilian populations. Thirty-eight sequences were identified in these persons; 17 (45%) could be classified as being of African, 4 (11%) of Amerindian, and 2 (5%) of European origin.