Neuroinflammation: An Integrating Overview of Reactive-Neuroimmune Cell Interactions in Health and Disease.

The concept of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation has evolved over the last decades. Neuroinflammation is the response of reactive CNS components to altered homeostasis, regardless of the cause to be endogenous or exogenous. Neurological diseases, whether traumatic, neoplastic, ischemic, metabolic, toxic, infectious, autoimmune, developmental, or degenerative, involve direct and indirect immune-related neuroinflammation.

Chagas disease prevalence in pregnant women: migration and risk of congenital transmission.

Introduction: Argentina has been a preferential target for Bolivian immigrants for decades. The relatively recent migratory flux includes Germany, France, the United States, Australia, Japan, and some Latin American countries. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women, analyzing the Bolivian-specific Chagas prevalence as the main contributor of migratory populations from Chagas disease-endemic areas to Buenos Aires city, Argentina, and to evaluate the impact of these migrant influxes on the process of the "urbanization" of the disease in reference hospital José Maria Ramos Mejia (JMRM).

Antiproliferative effect of sera from chagasic patients on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Involvement of xanthine oxidase.

Serum from asymptomatic or symptomatic (with cardiovascular manifestations) chagasic patients depleted of the complement system displayed an antiproliferative effect on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, RA strain, when added to the growth medium. This effect was also observed when patient's serum was depleted of specific antibodies. The antiproliferative effect was both time and concentration dependent.

Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B cells.

Objective: To assess the importance of B-cell control during parasite infections in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: Peripheral blood CD19+ B cells from 12 helminth-infected MS patients, 12 MS patients without infection, 10 patients infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, 8 subjects infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and 12 healthy control subjects were purified using magnetic cell sorting. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lymphotoxin, transforming growth factor-beta, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and nerve growth factor secretion were evaluated after stimulation with CDw32 L cells and CD40 antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.