Endogenous peripheral hydrogen sulfide is propyretic: its permissive role in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? In fever, the most striking response in the acute phase reaction of systemic inflammation, plasma H S concentration increases. However, the role of endogenous peripheral H S in fever is unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? Endogenous peripheral H S is permissive for increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis to maintain thermal homeostasis in cold environments as well as to mount fever.

Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity does not alter vasopressin secretion in septic rats.

Background/purpose: During the early phase of sepsis, hypotension is accompanied by increase of plasma vasopressin hormone (AVP) levels, which decline during the late phase. This hypotension is due in part to increase of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme. Neuronal isoform of this enzyme (nNOS) is present in vasopressinergics neurons of hypothalamus, but its role in vasopressin secretion during sepsis is unknown.

Curcumin suppresses inflammatory cytokines and heat shock protein 70 release and improves metabolic parameters during experimental sepsis.

Context: Curcumin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties, besides reducing mortality in sepsis.

Objective: This study evaluates the biological activities of a curcumin dispersion formulated by spray-drying in experimental sepsis.

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP), controls were sham operated.

Association between leukaemia inhibitory factor gene polymorphism and pregnancy outcomes after assisted reproduction techniques.

Certain gene polymorphisms are associated with implantation failure and pregnancy loss. Studies of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene polymorphisms are scarce. The LIF single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) thymine (T)/guanine (G) (rs929271) was studied in women to determine whether an association existed with pregnancy outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); 411 women who underwent ICSI were recruited.

The Relationship between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 1154G/A Polymorphism and Recurrent Implantation Failure.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP A/G, rs1529916), tumor protein p53 (TP53 Arg/Pro, rs1042522), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF G/T, rs929271), glycoprotein 130 (gp130 A/T, rs1900173) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF G/A, rs1570360) polymorphisms and recurrent implantation failure (RIF) in Brazilian women.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 120 women with RIF (i.e.

The TP73 gene polymorphism (rs4648551, A>G) is associated with diminished ovarian reserve.

It's known that the members of the TP53 family are involved in the regulation of female reproduction. Studies in mice showed that the TP73 gene (member of this family) plays a role in the size of follicular pool, ovulation rate and maintenance of genomic stability. In the present study we analyzed data from 605 patients with ≤ 37 years attending their first intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Cellular bioenergetics changes in magnocellular neurons may affect copeptin expression in the late phase of sepsis.

We investigated whether inflammatory mediators during cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis may diminish copeptin expression in magnocellular neurons, thus affecting arginine-vasopressin (AVP) synthesis. The transcript abundance of IL-1β, IL-1R1, iNOS and HIF-1α was continuously elevated. IL-1β, iNOS and cytochrome c protein levels progressively increased until 24h.

Recent advances in the understanding of sepsis-induced alterations in the neuroendocrine system.

Sepsis is a fatal systemic inflammatory disease. It is caused by an immune system inflammatory response to the entry of microorganisms or their products into the blood circulatory system. The pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis are still poorly understood.

Cleaved caspase-3 expression in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons may affect vasopressin secretion during experimental polymicrobial sepsis.

We investigated whether the vasopressin (AVP) secretion deficiency observed during cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis may be caused by apoptosis in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. Plasma cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and nitrate levels were increased during sepsis and plasma AVP levels were higher in the early phase returning to basal levels in the late phase. Concomitantly, expression of the apoptosis effector, cleaved caspase 3, was increased in magnocellular neurons, inferring that this increase in hypothalamic neurons may be caused by cytokines and elevated nitrate levels.

Oxytocin affects nitric oxide and cytokine production by sepsis-sensitized macrophages.

Background/aim: Oxytocin (OXT) secretion during cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis has not yet been examined. Although immune properties have been attributed to OXT, its effect on CLP-sensitized macrophages has never been investigated. We analyzed OXT secretion during CLP and its effect in CLP-sensitized macrophage cultures.

An inhibitor of leukotriene synthesis affects vasopressin secretion following osmotic stimulus in rats.

Previous studies revealed the presence of LTC(4) synthase in paraventricular vasopressinergic neurons, suggesting a role for leukotrienes (LTs) in certain neuroendocrine system functions. Our aim was to study the effect of an inhibitor of LT synthesis in the release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) following an osmotic stimulus in rats. Male Wistar rats received an intra-cerebroventricular injection of 2 μl of the LT synthesis inhibitor MK-886 (1, 2, or 4 μg/kg), or vehicle (DMSO 5%), 1h before an intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline (NaCl 2M) or isotonic saline (NaCl 0.

Anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) lesion affects hypothalamic neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression following water deprivation.

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been reported to be up-regulated in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) during dehydration which in turn could increase nitric oxide (NO) production and consequently affect arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion. The anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region has strong afferent connections with the SON. Herein we describe our analysis of the effects of an AV3V lesion on AVP secretion, and c-fos and nNOS expression in the SON following dehydration.

Neonatal endotoxin exposure changes neuroendocrine, cardiovascular function and mortality during polymicrobial sepsis in adult rats.

Our aim was to investigate whether neonatal LPS challenge may improve hormonal, cardiovascular response and mortality, this being a beneficial adaptation when adult rats are submitted to polymicrobial sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Fourteen days after birth, pups received an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100μg/kg) or saline. After 8-12 weeks, they were submitted to CLP, decapitated 4, 6 or 24h after surgery and blood was collected for vasopressin (AVP), corticosterone and nitrate measurement, while AVP contents were measured in neurohypophysis, supra-optic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei.

Central NOS inhibition differentially affects vasopressin gene expression in hypothalamic nuclei in septic rats.

Our aim was to investigate the effect of central NOS inhibition on hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (AVP) gene expression, hormone release and on the cardiovascular response during experimental sepsis. Male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly injected with the non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME) or aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of the inducible isoform (iNOS). After 30 min, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) causing an increase in heart rate (HR), as well as a reduction in median arterial pressure (MAP) and AVP expression ratio (AVP(R)), mainly in the supraoptic nucleus.

Role of central NO-cGMP pathway in vasopressin and oxytocin gene expression during sepsis.

Sepsis induces massive production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), and causes neuroendocrine and cardiovascular alterations. This study investigates the involvement of the central NO-cGMP pathway in arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXY) gene expression during sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Male Wistar rats received an i.

Blocking systemic nitric oxide production alters neuronal activation in brain structures involved in cardiovascular regulation during polymicrobial sepsis.

In a previous study, we concluded that overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the late phase of sepsis prevents hypothalamic activation, blunts vasopressin secretion and contributes to hypotension, irreversible shock and death. The aim of this follow-up study was to evaluate if the same neuronal activation pattern happens in brain structures related to cardiovascular functions. Male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of aminoguanidine, an iNOS inhibitor, or saline 30 min before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgeries.

Thermoregulation and vasopressin secretion during polymicrobial sepsis.

Objective: We investigated the time course of thermoregulation, nitric oxide (NO) formation and hydroelectrolytic alterations, as well as mean arterial pressure and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, in experimental sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).

Methods: Male Wistar rats submitted to CLP or a sham operation were divided into 4 groups, as follows: group 1, for survival rate evaluation for 24 h; group 2, for body temperature (Tb) analysis; group 3, for mean arterial pressure registration, and group 4, for blood collection and processing of the neurohypophysis and hypothalamic nuclei 0, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after surgery. AVP levels and content were measured in plasma, neurohypophysis and the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei.

Autonomic dysfunction in experimental sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture.

A systemic inflammatory response to infection characterizes sepsis which associated to refractory hypotension, turns into severe sepsis. Our aim was to evaluate hormonal and cardiovascular alterations after experimental sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were submitted to CLP or sham operation.

Time course of c-fos, vasopressin and oxytocin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus following long-term dehydration.

1. This study presents a time course analysis of the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of c-fos, vasopressin (VP), and oxytocin (OT) in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), following acute and chronic dehydration by water deprivation. 2.

Participation of iNOS-derived NO in hypothalamic activation and vasopressin release during polymicrobial sepsis.

Clinical and experimental studies with LPS injection have shown an increase in vasopressin (AVP) secretion in the early phase of severe sepsis, which is subsequently reduced despite persistent hypotension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived NO in hypothalamic activation and in AVP release during severe sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Male Wistar rats received i.