Exposures to fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone above USA standards are associated with auditory brainstem dysmorphology and abnormal auditory brainstem evoked potentials in healthy young dogs.

Background: Delayed central conduction times in the auditory brainstem have been observed in Mexico City (MC) healthy children exposed to fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O) above the current United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) standards. MC children have α synuclein brainstem accumulation and medial superior olivary complex (MSO) dysmorphology. The present study used a dog model to investigate the potential effects of air pollution on the function and morphology of the auditory brainstem.

Pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in preterm and term neonates with gastroesophageal reflux.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gestational age on pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in newborns with gastroesophageal reflux.

Methods: A prospective, descriptive and pharmacokinetic study was carried out in 30 pre-term and 20 full-term babies. 3 mg/kg of ranitidine was administered intravenously to all the babies and at 0.

Effects of a cyclooxygenase-2 preferential inhibitor in young healthy dogs exposed to air pollution: a pilot study.

Residency in cities with high air pollution is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in healthy children, young adults, and dogs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may offer neuroprotection. The authors measured the plasma concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine and the cerebro-spinal-fluid concentrations of prostaglandin E2 metabolite and the oligomeric form of amyloid derived diffusible ligand; measured the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin 1beta, CD14, and Aquaporin-4 in target brain areas; and evaluated brain MRI, cognition, and neuropathology in 8 dogs treated with a preferential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (Nimesulide) versus 7 untreated litter-matched Mexico City dogs.

Effect of severity disease on the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in children with multiple organ system failure.

The aim of the present study was to investigate if the severity of illness affected the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in 11 children diagnosed with multiple organ system failure. The patients were assigned to a severely ill group (group 1), a very severely ill group (group 2), or a control group (group 0). Blood samples were taken and cefuroxime concentrations were measured in plasma by HPLC after the first intravenous infusion of 100 mg of cefuroxime per kg of body weight.

Pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology of drugs in a Mexican pediatric hospital. A proposed guide.

We describe the procedures of pharmacovigilance (PV) and pharmacoepidemiology (PE) of drugs in a pediatric hospital. These activities contribute to the detection and registration of adverse drug reactions and to determine the patterns of drug prescription among children attended at the hospital. The PV activities show that there is a relation between an increase in incidence of adverse drug reactions and the prescription of a larger number of drugs.

Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in healthy Mexican volunteers.

Unlabelled: Numerous reports in the literature have demonstrated changes in drug pharmacokinetics that result with age. Ranitidine is a drug commonly used in Mexico. However no reports on the pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in the Mexican population are available in the literature.

Effects of gender and phase of the menstrual cycle on the kinetics of ranitidine in healthy volunteers.

The present study was undertaken to determine if differences exist in the pharmacokinetic parameters of oral ranitidine caused by gender and stage of the menstrual cycle. The study was performed in two steps, in the first a pharmacokinetic study was performed on 10 men (average age 35.5 yrs) and 10 women (average age 34.