Publications by authors named "Gabriela Guzman"

Article Synopsis
  • - PFOS, an industrial chemical linked to cognitive decline, negatively affects learning and memory by disrupting key brain functions, particularly in cholinergic neurons that are vital for cognitive health.
  • - Research using SN56 cholinergic cells revealed that PFOS decreases thyroid receptor activity, disrupts cholinergic and glutamatergic transmission, and impacts the levels of essential neurotransmitters through various biochemical changes.
  • - The study suggests that reducing thyroid hormone activity due to PFOS exposure contributes to neurodegeneration, but supplementing with thyroid hormone (T3) can partially restore normal function, highlighting potential therapeutic approaches.
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Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is a prompt and non-invasive imaging modality helpful in detecting pathological abnormalities within the retina and the choroid. This narrative review and case series provides an overview on the current application of FAF in posterior and panuveitis. The literature was reviewed for articles on lesion characteristics on FAF of specific posterior and panuveitis entities as well as benefits and limitations of FAF for diagnosing and monitoring disease.

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Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of quantifying optical coherence tomography (OCT)-defined hyperreflective foci (HRF) that do not correspond to hyperpigmentary abnormalities (HPAs) on color fundus photographs (CFPs)-HRF (OCT+/CFP-) -when considered in addition to HPA extent, for predicting late age-related macular degeneration development. This study sought to understand the impact of HRF (OCT+/CFP-) extent on visual sensitivity.

Methods: Two hundred eighty eyes from 140 participants with bilateral large drusen underwent imaging and microperimetry at baseline, and then 6-monthly for 3-years.

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Purpose: To assess inter-rater reliability in the detection of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) changes using wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA) versus fluorescein angiography (FA).

Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included patients with severe nonproliferative and PDR. Images were acquired with 12 × 12 mm WF-OCTA and FA with a 55° lens.

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Background: Females who misuse alcohol experience high rates of negative physical and mental health consequences. Existing findings are inconsistent but suggest a relationship between ovarian hormones and alcohol use. We aim to clarify how alcohol use and drinking motives vary across the menstrual cycle in female psychiatric outpatients using the luteinizing hormone (LH)-confirmed cycle phase.

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Background: Diets emphasizing unsaturated fat and high fiber are associated with reducing cardiometabolic risk factors. Avocados are rich in MUFA and PUFA fats and fiber.

Objectives: Assess replacement of carbohydrate energy with avocado energy for 12 wk on glucose homeostasis and cardiometabolic risk factors in self-selecting free-living adults who are overweight or with obesity and have insulin resistance.

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Objectives: To determine the risk of mortality and need for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with low-flow low-gradient (LFLG) aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods: A longitudinal multicentre study including consecutive patients with severe AS (aortic valve area [AVA] < 1.0 cm) and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

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Background: Fiber is an important part of a healthy diet and is known to attenuate postprandial glycemia. Orange pomace (OP) is a by-product of orange juice (OJ) production and is a rich source of fiber.

Objective: Two separate studies determined the impact of added OP to 100% OJ on postprandial glycemic response compared with sugar-matched OJ or whole orange fruit (WOF).

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Cardiomyocytes are subjected to the intense mechanical stress and metabolic demands of the beating heart. It is unclear whether these cells, which are long-lived and rarely renew, manage to preserve homeostasis on their own. While analyzing macrophages lodged within the healthy myocardium, we discovered that they actively took up material, including mitochondria, derived from cardiomyocytes.

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Resistant starch (RS) is a variant of starch that is indigestible by human enzymes and has been acknowledged for multiple physiological benefits including attenuation of postprandial glycemia when incorporated into foods. Distarch phosphate is a RS type 4 (RS4) containing phosphodiester cross-links within and between starch molecules. Considering the importance of RS to human health, the present study aimed to investigate the dose response effect of a novel RS4 (potato-derived distarch phosphate - (VERSAFIBE 1490™) on acute postprandial glycemic responses compared with energy/available carbohydrate and sugar-matched control.

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Evidence suggests that novel enzyme functions evolved from low-level promiscuous activities in ancestral enzymes. Yet, the evolutionary dynamics and physiological mechanisms of how such side activities contribute to systems-level adaptations are not well characterized. Furthermore, it remains untested whether knowledge of an organism's promiscuous reaction set, or underground metabolism, can aid in forecasting the genetic basis of metabolic adaptations.

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Background: Essentiality assays are important tools commonly utilized for the discovery of gene functions. Growth/no growth screens of single gene knockout strain collections are also often utilized to test the predictive power of genome-scale models. False positive predictions occur when computational analysis predicts a gene to be non-essential, however experimental screens deem the gene to be essential.

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Objective: To provide a critical appraisal of the primary clinical trials exploring the use of glabellar botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injections in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and propose future directions for research on this topic.

Data Sources: A search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was performed in September 2017. Search terms included ("botulinum" OR "botox" OR "abobotulinumtoxin" OR "onabotulinum" OR "onabotulinumtoxin" OR "botulinumtoxin") AND ("antidepressant" OR "depression" OR "depressive" OR "depressed").

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Two major transcriptional regulators of carbon metabolism in bacteria are Cra and CRP. CRP is considered to be the main mediator of catabolite repression. Unlike for CRP, in vivo DNA binding information of Cra is scarce.

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Anorexia must not be considered as a syndrome specific to a culture but as being linked to fast-moving sociocultural changes. Its occurrence can be favoured by certain transcultural phenomena, such as globalisation and the process of acculturation. The analysis of a clinical case of a young migrant with anorexia illustrates the complexity and need for complementary transcultural psychotherapy, to improve understanding and the future.

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Background: Stress echocardiography (SE) is dependent on subjective interpretations. As a prelude to the International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) Trial, potential sites were required to submit two SE, one with moderate or severe left ventricular (LV) myocardial ischemia and one with mild ischemia. We evaluated the concordance of site and core lab interpretations.

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Background: Data are limited on the presence, distribution, and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged populations.

Methods And Results: The PESA (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) study prospectively enrolled 4184 asymptomatic participants 40 to 54 years of age (mean age, 45.8 years; 63% male) to evaluate the systemic extent of atherosclerosis in the carotid, abdominal aortic, and iliofemoral territories by 2-/3-dimensional ultrasound and coronary artery calcification by computed tomography.

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Enzyme promiscuity toward substrates has been discussed in evolutionary terms as providing the flexibility to adapt to novel environments. In the present work, we describe an approach toward exploring such enzyme promiscuity in the space of a metabolic network. This approach leverages genome-scale models, which have been widely used for predicting growth phenotypes in various environments or following a genetic perturbation; however, these predictions occasionally fail.

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Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has emerged as an effective tool for scientific discovery and addressing biotechnological needs. Much of ALE's utility is derived from reproducibly obtained fitness increases. Identifying causal genetic changes and their combinatorial effects is challenging and time-consuming.

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Objectives: The goal of this trial was to study the long-term effects of intravenous (IV) metoprolol administration before reperfusion on left ventricular (LV) function and clinical events.

Background: Early IV metoprolol during ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been shown to reduce infarct size when used in conjunction with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).

Methods: The METOCARD-CNIC (Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial recruited 270 patients with Killip class ≤II anterior STEMI presenting early after symptom onset (<6 h) and randomized them to pre-reperfusion IV metoprolol or control group.

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The increased prevalence of anorexia nervosa reported in non-Western societies inevitably raises the issue of the influence of cultural factors in the genesis and the patterns of this disorder. Anorexia nervosa is not a straightforward Western culture-bound syndrome, although an influence of Western ideals of thinness does exist. The illness seems more related to rapid cultural shifts, either societal or individual, such as those occurring in the migratory process.

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Objectives: The study sought to evaluate the ability of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to monitor acute and long-term changes in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) noninvasively.

Background: PVR monitoring during the follow-up of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the response to vasodilator testing require invasive right heart catheterization.

Methods: An experimental study in pigs was designed to evaluate the ability of CMR to monitor: 1) an acute increase in PVR generated by acute pulmonary embolization (n = 10); 2) serial changes in PVR in chronic PH (n = 22); and 3) changes in PVR during vasodilator testing in chronic PH (n = 10).

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Primary cardiac sarcomas are rare. A 63-year-old woman presented with progressive symptoms of fatigue, palpitations, and dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiography detected a mass in the left atrium, fixed and probably attached to the interatrial septum suggestive of myxoma.

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