Virulence factors of Salmonella spp. isolated from free-living grass snakes Natrix natrix.

Salmonellosis associated with reptiles is a well-researched topic, particularly in China and the United States, but it occurs less frequently in Europe. The growth of the human population and changes in the environment could potentially increase the interaction between humans and free-living reptiles, which are an unidentified source of Salmonella species. In this study, we sought to explore this issue by comparing the microbiota of free-living European grass snakes, scientifically known as Natrix natrix, with that of captive banded water snakes, or Nerodia fasciata.

Proteomics-based identification of orchid-associated bacteria colonizing the and (Orchidaceae, Neottieae).

Using proteomics-based identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), we conducted the first analysis of the composition of endophytic bacteria isolated from different parts of selected species, i.e. the buds, the inflorescences and the central part of the shoots, as well as the rhizomes.

Obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria in targeted cancer therapy: Current strategies and clinical applications.

Traditional methods for cancer therapy, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are characterized by inherent limitations. Bacteria-mediated tumor therapy is becoming a promising approach in cancer treatment due to the ability of obligate or facultative anaerobic microorganisms to penetrate and proliferate in hypoxic regions of tumors. It is widely known that anaerobic bacteria cause the regression of tumors and inhibition of metastasis through a variety of mechanisms, including toxin production, anaerobic lifestyle and synergy with anti-cancer drugs.

Cloacal Gram-Negative Microbiota in Free-Living Grass Snake Natrix natrix from Poland.

Reptiles appear to be an important vector for Gram-negative pathogens, therefore, they are epidemiologically relevant. However, the composition of reptilian microbiota has been poorly recognized so far. The majority of studies concern exotic reptiles as asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella serovars.