Age, but not education, affects social decision-making in the ultimatum game paradigm.

Background:  Social decision-making (SDM) is often studied through gaming paradigms, in which participants allocate resources among themselves and others based on predefined rules. In an adapted version of the ultimatum game (UG), SDM behavior was modulated in response to the degree of fairness of monetary offers and the social context of opponents, designed to generate either prosocial or punishing behaviors.

Objective:  To investigate whether SDM evaluated by the UG is affected by age and schooling, as it is relevant to know whether sociodemographic variables may bias UG results.

Frailty and brain changes in older adults without cognitive impairment: A scoping review.

Little is known about changes in the brain associated with frailty, in particular, which brain areas could be related to frailty in older people without cognitive impairment. This scoping review mapped evidence on functional and/or structural brain changes in frail older adults without cognitive impairment. The methodology proposed by the JBI® was used in this study.

Cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a scoping review.

Emerging studies indicate the persistence of symptoms beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. Cognitive impairment has been observed in certain individuals for months following infection. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the specific cognitive domains that undergo alterations during the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and the potential impact of disease severity on cognition.

Cognitive Impairment Predicts Sarcopenia 9 Years Later among Older Adults.

Objective: To assess the longitudinal association between cognitive impairment and sarcopenia in a sample of Brazilian community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Nine-year observational prospective study.

Setting And Participants: A total of 521 community-dwelling older adults from 2 Brazilian sites of the Frailty in Brazilian Older Adults (FIBRA in Portuguese) study.

Factors related to malnutrition and their association with frailty in community-dwelling older adults registered at a geriatric clinic.

Background: We hypothesized that factors related to malnutrition, namely low muscle mass, appetite loss, and adiposity, are associated with frailty and pre-frailty in community-dwelling older adults.

Aims: To identify the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in a Brazilian convenience sample and test the association between these conditions and malnutrition-related factors.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing community project.

The association between appetite loss, frailty, and psychosocial factors in community-dwelling older adults adults.

Background: Appetite loss (AL) in older adults can reduce energy and nutrient intake, increasing the risk of weight loss, sarcopenia, frailty, and ultimately, mortality. The identification of associated factors to AL is important to plan different interventions.

Aims: To identify the association between appetite loss, frailty, and psychosocial factors in community-dwelling older adults.

Probable sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults: results from the FIBRA study.

Background: The link between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment has not yet been thoroughly evaluated, especially among older adults.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between probable sarcopenia and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults in two Brazilian cities.

Methods: Probable sarcopenia was assessed using the EWGSOP2 (2018) criteria.

Factors Associated With Positive Self-Rated Health: Comparing Older Adults in Brazil and in Portugal.

Self-rated health is a multidimensional health indicator and a predictor of adverse events in old age. Answers to this assessment are influenced by social, cultural and personality factors. Exploring common and distinctive characteristics of Brazilian and Portuguese older adults aged 70 and over regarding positive self-rated health according to sociodemographic variables, to functional capacity, to independent performance of basic activities of daily living and to neuroticism, as well as analyzing associations between positive self-rated health and these variables.

α7 nicotinic ACh receptors are necessary for memory recovery and neuroprotection promoted by attention training in amyloid-β-infused mice.

Background And Purpose: Attention training reverses the neurodegeneration and memory loss promoted by infusion of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in rats and increases the density of α7 nicotinic ACh receptors (α7nAChRs) in brain areas related to memory. Hence, we aimed to assess the role of α7nAChRs in the memory recovery promoted by attention training.

Experimental Approach: C57Bl/6 mice were chronically infused with Aβ, Aβ plus the α7 antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), or MLA alone.

Enriched Environment Significantly Reduced Senile Plaques in a Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Improving Memory.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a progressive dementia, and there is good evidence that it is more pronounced in individuals that have fewer stimuli during their lives. Environmental stimulation promotes morphological and functional changes in the brain, leading to amplification of cognitive functions, and has been described in humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated the effects of enriched environment (EE) stimulation on spatial memory and senile plaque formation in transgenic mice PDGFB-APPSwInd (TG) that overexpress the human amyloid precursor protein, normally resulting in an increased density of senile plaques.