Toxic leukoencephalopathies.

Toxic-metabolic encephalopathies are a group of disorders in which an exogenous or endogenous substance leads to transient or permanent neuronal damage. It is an important cause of potentially reversible acute encephalopathy syndrome. The signs and symptoms of toxic encephalopathies may be relatively nonspecific, and toxicologic tests are not always widely available.

The 2021 World Health Organization classification of gliomas: an imaging approach.

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to describe the recommendations of the 2021 World Health Organization classification for adult-type and pediatric-type gliomas and to discuss the main modifications in relation to the previous (2016) classification, exemplified by imaging, histological, and molecular findings in nine patients followed at our institutions. In recent years, molecular biomarkers have gained importance in the diagnosis and classification of gliomas, mainly because they have been shown to correlate with the biological behavior and prognosis of such tumors. It is important for neuroradiologists to familiarize themselves with this new classification of central nervous system tumors, so that they can use this knowledge in evaluating and reporting the imaging examinations of patients with glioma.

Dural-based lesions: is it a meningioma?

Purpose: Meningiomas are the most common extra-axial intracranial neoplasms with typical radiological findings. In approximately 2% of cases, histopathological reports reveal different neoplasms or non-neoplastic lesions that can closely mimic meningiomas. We describe radiological features of meningioma mimics highlighting imaging red flags to consider a differential diagnosis.

Low expression of MSH2 DNA repair protein is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expression of the MSH2 DNA repair protein in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in order to analyze its association with clinicopathologic factors and overall survival of patients.

Material And Methods: Clinical data and primary lesions of HNSSC were collected from 55 patients who underwent surgical resection with postoperative radiotherapy in Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2000 and 2008. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed to analyze MSH2 protein expression.

Analysis of ECOG performance status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients: association with sociodemographical and clinical factors, and overall survival.

Purpose: In the present study, we analyzed sociodemographical and clinical factors, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) scale in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. We evaluated the impact of a range of variables on overall survival.

Methods: We investigated a sample of HNSCC patients (n = 671), using sociodemographical and clinical information, and survival data collected from a review of epidemiological, clinical, and treatment reports.

Association of -308 TNF-α promoter polymorphism with clinical aggressiveness in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene are involved in the regulation of the expression levels of its cytokine. Besides, these polymorphisms have been associated with the clinical behaviour of cancer. We investigated the -308 promoter region polymorphisms of the TNF-α gene and its association with the clinicopathological factors of a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) sample.