The deep fascia and its role in chronic pain and pathological conditions: A review.

The deep fascia is a three-dimensional continuum of connective tissue surrounding the bones, muscles, nerves and blood vessels throughout our body. Its importance in chronically debilitating conditions has recently been brought to light. This work investigates changes in these tissues in pathological settings.

10 tips on working with human body donors in medical training and research.

Human body donors selflessly decided to make the ultimate gift to donate their bodies to education. Being on the receiving end, the health sciences education community owes it to the donors to ensure that they are being treated with utmost respect by promoting and developing high ethical standards and maximizing the benefits from this gift. Working with human body donors for research purposes has increased over the years, while regulations associated with these processes did not change.

The Female Pelvic Floor Fascia Anatomy: A Systematic Search and Review.

Unlabelled: The female pelvis is a complex anatomical region comprising the pelvic organs, muscles, neurovascular supplies, and fasciae. The anatomy of the pelvic floor and its fascial components are currently poorly described and misunderstood. This systematic search and review aimed to explore and summarize the current state of knowledge on the fascial anatomy of the pelvic floor in women.

Using ultrasound imaging to assess novice physiotherapy students' ability to locate musculoskeletal structures with palpation.

Objective: Use ultrasound imaging to assess success rates of novice physiotherapy students attempting to locate two tendons and two joint spaces using palpation.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Master of physiotherapy program at an academic institution.

Three-dimensional ultrasound for knee osteophyte depiction: a comparative study to computed tomography.

Purpose: Osteophytes are common radiographic markers of osteoarthritis. However, they are not accurately depicted using conventional imaging, thus hampering surgical interventions that rely on pre-operative images. Studies have shown that ultrasound (US) is promising at detecting osteophytes and monitoring the progression of osteoarthritis.

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education.

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for "life-like" cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.

Qualitative and quantitative comparison of Thiel and phenol-based soft-embalmed cadavers for surgery training.

Introduction: Surgical skills training has traditionally been limited to formalin embalming that does not provide a realistic model. The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively compare Thiel and phenol-based soft-embalming techniques: qualitatively in a surgical training setup, and quantitatively by comparing the mechanical and histomorphometric properties of skin specimens embalmed using each method.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-four participants were involved in surgical workshops comparing Thiel and phenol-based embalmed bodies.

Reliability of a novel 3-dimensional computed tomography method for reverse shoulder arthroplasty postoperative evaluation.

Background: Long-term function and survival of reverse shoulder arthroplasties (RSAs) are reliant on component positioning and fixation. Conventional postoperative analysis is performed using plain radiographs or 2-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) images. Although 3-dimensional (3D) CT would be preferred, its use is limited by metal artifacts.

Trabecular bone density distribution in the scapula relevant to reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: How trabecular bone density varies within the scapula and how this may lead to more optimal reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) screw placement has not been addressed in the scientific literature. The 3 columns of trabecular bone within the scapula adjacent to the glenoid fossa, one extending through the lateral border, a second into the base of the coracoid process, and a third extending into the spine of the scapula, were hypothesized to be of relatively similar density.

Methods: Two-dimensional axial computed tomography (CT) images of 19 fresh frozen cadaver specimens were obtained.

3D Printed Anatomy-Specific Fixture for Consistent Glenoid Cavity Position in Shoulder Simulator.

Purpose: Fixation methods for consistent anatomical structure positioning in biomechanical testing can be challenging. Image-based 3D printing is an attractive method for fabrication of biomechanical supports of anatomical structure due to its ability to precisely locate anatomical features with respect to the loading system.

Method: A case study is presented to provide a design guide for fixation block fabrication.

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor: Histological and Biomechanical Links to the Spinal Dura Mater.

Study Design: Serial histological investigation was performed on 10 cadaveric specimens and biomechanical tests were performed on five specimens, both focused on the tissue connexion between the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPMi) and the spinal dura.

Objective: This study had two components: to clarify the microscopic structure of the tissue link between RCPMi and the dura mater, and to evaluate the mechanical role of this tissue complex.

Summary Of Background Data: Dissection-based and imaging-based reports have suggested a connective tissue link between the RCPMi and the dura mater at the posterior-atlanto-occipital (PAO) level.

Comparing conventional and computer-assisted surgery baseplate and screw placement in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation technologies have each been shown separately to be beneficial for optimizing screw and baseplate positioning in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) but to date have not been combined. This study describes development of a system for performing computer-assisted RSA glenoid baseplate and screw placement, including preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative evaluation, and compares this system with a conventional approach.

Materials And Methods: We used a custom-designed system allowing computed tomography (CT)-based preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative evaluation.

Using additive manufacturing in accuracy evaluation of reconstructions from computed tomography.

Bone models derived from patient imaging and fabricated using additive manufacturing technology have many potential uses including surgical planning, training, and research. This study evaluated the accuracy of bone surface reconstruction of two diarthrodial joints, the hip and shoulder, from computed tomography. Image segmentation of the tomographic series was used to develop a three-dimensional virtual model, which was fabricated using fused deposition modelling.