Valorization of Bioactive Compounds from Lingonberry Pomace and Grape Pomace with Antidiabetic Potential.

In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the recovery of bioactive compounds from waste and by-products resulting from the agro-industrial sector and their valorization into new products, which can be used in the health, food, or agricultural industry, as innovative and sustainable approaches to waste management. In this work, two of these by-products resulting from the fruit-processing industry were used for the recovery of bioactive compounds (polyphenols), namely lingonberry pomace () and grape pomace (). Two green extraction techniques were employed to obtain hydroalcoholic extracts (solvent: 50% EtOH, 10% mass): ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE).

Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of L. and Fruit Extracts.

The present study evaluated three green extraction methods, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and laser irradiation extraction (LE), for the polyphenolic compounds and vitamin C extraction of L. and fruit extracts. The polyphenols and vitamin C of extracts were quantified using HPLC-DAD, and the total phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activity (DPPH and reducing power), and antidiabetic activity were also studied.

Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase co-immobilized on a copper containing Prussian blue modified electrode for the broad screening of insecticides.

We have developed a bienzymatic biosensor that contains acetylcholinesterase together with butyrylcholinesterase co-immobilized on the same electrode modified with a stabilized copper containing Prussian blue electrodeposited on electrodes coated with 4-aminothiophenol monolayer using diazonium chemistry and copper nanoparticles for improved sensitivity. There are organophosphorus and carbamate neurotoxic insecticides that inhibit only one of the two enzymes, e.g.

Winemaking Technologies for the Production of Cabernet Sauvignon and Feteasca Neagra Wines Enriched with Antioxidant Active Principles Due to the Addition of Melatonin.

In recent years, various studies have been carried out to increase the concentration of antioxidant active principles in red wines as a consequence of the effects of winemaking techniques on the polyphenols content. In this study, in order to obtain the most optimal wine in terms of content and efficiency of antioxidant activity, various winemaking technologies (punching-down and pumping-over maceration) were tried with diverse gradations (Feteasca Neagra and Cabernet Sauvignon wines) and the addition of different concentrations of melatonin in must. Suitable HPLC and spectrophotometric methods were used to follow the evolution of the antioxidant compounds from wines during aging (for 12 months).

Evaluating the Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of and Polyphenolic-Rich Extracts.

The present study evaluated the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of and extracts enriched in polyphenolic compounds. The extracts were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and laser irradiation. Then, microfiltration was used for purification, followed by nanofiltration used to concentrate the two extracts.

In Vitro Assessment of the Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of and Extracts Processed Using Membrane Technologies.

Recently, there has been increased interest in the discovery of new natural herbal remedies for treating diabetes and inflammatory diseases. In this context, this work analyzed the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of , and herbs, which have been studied less from this point of view. Therefore, extracts were prepared and processed using membrane technologies, micro- and ultrafiltration, to concentrate the biologically active principles.

Cavitation-Effect-Based Treatments and Extractions for Superior Fruit and Milk Valorisation.

Ultrasound generates cavities in liquids with high-energy behaviour due to large pressure variations, leading to (bio)chemical effects and material modification. Numerous cavity-based treatments in food processes have been reported, but the transition from research to industrial applications is hampered by specific engineering factors, such as the combination of several ultrasound sources, more powerful wave generators or tank geometry. The challenges and development of cavity-based treatments developed for the food industry are reviewed with examples limited to two representative raw materials (fruit and milk) with significantly different properties.

The Influence of Melatonin Treatment in the Vinification of Feteasca Neagra and Cabernet Sauvignon Wines on the Profile of Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity.

Until recently, the main antioxidant role among wine constituents was attributed to polyphenolic compounds, but once the presence of melatonin in wines was confirmed, an interesting new field of research opened up due to its possible synergistic effects with other antioxidants in the winemaking process, which may lead to a change in the profile of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. In order to investigate the evolution of active principles from the phenylpropanoid metabolism associated with the synergistic effects of melatonin, for the first time, a melatonin treatment was performed in the pre-stage of the different winemaking processes of Feteasca Neagra and Cabernet Sauvignon wines with different melatonin concentrations. After comparing the acquired results for the evolution of the polyphenolic compound profile and antioxidant activity of treated wines, we ascertained an increase in the antioxidant compound concentrations, especially in resveratrol, quercetin, and cyanidin-3-glucoside, directly proportional to the used melatonin concentration; an intensification in activity of PAL and C4H enzymes; and the modification in the expression of specific anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, especially UDP-D-glucose-flavonoid-3--glycosyltransferase.

and Polyphenolic Compounds-Rich Extracts with Potential Application in Diabetes Management.

Lately, there has been increased interest in the development of phytochemical alternatives for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, the alternatives that are able to reduce or prevent glucose absorption by inhibiting digestive enzymes. In this context, this study aims to analyze the inhibitory α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities of and polyphenolic compound-rich extracts obtained by membrane technologies (micro- and ultrafiltration). Polyphenols and flavones content, HPLC-MS polyphenolic compounds profiling, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic potential of these herbs were determined.

Dysbiotic Gut Microbiota Modulation by Aronia Fruits Extract Administration.

The administration of chokeberry extract in vitro in the GIS1 system was evaluated for the modulation capacity of the dysbiotic pattern resulting from the consumption of stevia. The microbial pattern determined by molecular method, the metabolomic one (fatty acids), the evolution of the antioxidant status, and the cytotoxic effect were determined comparatively for six months. This study presented for the first time that Aronia extract has a strong antimicrobial effect but also a presence of new organic acids that can be used as a biomarker.

Ternary water-organic solvent mixtures used for insecticide SPE extraction and analysis with acetylcholinesterase biosensor.

Few biosensors are reported for usage in combination with the organic solvent due to their negative impact on the enzymes. The usage of ternary water-organic solvent mixtures in combination with acetylcholinesterase biosensors allows to increase the useable total content of organic solvents with minimum negative effects to a higher content in comparison with a single organic solvent in water. The combination of acetonitrile/ethanol/water has a smaller negative effect on both enzyme activity and inhibition by insecticides in comparison with acetonitrile/methanol/water mixtures.

New Hybrid Nanofiltration Membranes with Enhanced Flux and Separation Performances Based on Polyphenylene Ether-Ether-Sulfone/Polyacrylonitrile/SBA-15.

This study presents the preparation of hybrid nanofiltration membranes based on poly(1,4-phenylene ether ether sulfone), polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and SBA-15 mesoporous silica. Laser treatment of polymeric solutions to enhance the hydrophilicity and performance of membranes was investigated. The membranes' structure was characterized using scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopy and contact angle measurements.

Nanofiltration Composite Membranes Based on KIT-6 and Functionalized KIT-6 Nanoparticles in a Polymeric Matrix with Enhanced Performances.

The nanofiltration composite membranes were obtained by incorporation of KIT-6 ordered mesoporous silica, before and after its functionalization with amine groups, into polyphenylene-ether-ether-sulfone (PPEES) matrix. The incorporation of silica nanoparticles into PPEES polymer matrix was evidenced by FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. SEM images of the membranes cross-section and their surface topology, evidenced by AFM, showed a low effect of KIT-6 silica nanoparticles loading and functionalization.

Sensitive detection of antidiabetic compounds and one degradation product in wastewater samples by a new SPE-LC-MS/MS method.

As environment emerging contaminants of anthropogenic origin, antidiabetic drugs are present in the range of high ng/L to ng/mL in the influent and the effluent of the waste water treatment plant (WWTP). The metformin compound is the most used hypoglycemic agent in the world. The aim of this study was to develop a new analytic method, based on solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detector (SPE-LC-MS/MS), for identification and quantification of 5 antidiabetic compounds (glibenclamide/glyburide, glimepiride, metformin, glipizide, guanyl urea, gliclazide) and one degradation product (guanyl urea).

Phyto-synthesized Gold Nanoparticles as Antitumor Agents.

Background: Phyto, or plant-derived metal nanoparticles, are an interesting and intensive studied group of green synthesized nanoparticles. In the last decade, numerous medicinal plant extracts were used for the synthesis of stable gold or silver nanoparticles with diverse biological effects, such as antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, hypoglycemic effect, antitumor activity and catalytic activity.

Results: This review has systematized and discussed information from the last 5 years about the research regarding antitumor/anticancer potential of gold nanoparticles obtained via medicinal plant extracts, with special attention on their selective cytotoxicity on tumor cells and on their mechanism of action, in vitro and in vivo assessments.

Assessment of Melatonin and Its Precursors Content by a HPLC-MS/MS Method from Different Romanian Wines.

Because melatonin has strong antioxidant activity and wine is an alcoholic beverage of economic relevance, in the present work, the impact of some variable parameters that may occur in the winemaking process on the concentrations of melatonin and its precursors in Romanian wines was studied. Therefore, a sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of melatonin, serotonin, and l-tryptophan, and some method performance parameters including selectivity, detection limit, precision (by comparing with an alternative HPLC-FL method), accuracy, and robustness were validated. These determinations are significant and the final amounts of analytes are dependent on the microorganisms involved in the winemaking process, the grape variety, geographic regions of vineyards, and aging of wines.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Polyphenolic-Rich Extracts from and .

This study was focused on the phytochemical composition and biological activities of and polyphenolic-rich extracts obtained by nanofiltration. The high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid were the main phenolic acids in both extracts. The main flavonoid compound from extracts is luteolin, whereas rutin and isoquercitrin are the main flavonoids in .

Lignans from Medicinal Plants and their Anticancer Effect.

Since early times, various plants have been used as remedies for treating different kinds of diseases and lesions with satisfying results. The phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites from medicinal plants which include a wide category of compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, curcuminoids, xanthones, coumarins, lignans, etc. Between these, lignans are considered important in cancer prevention and treatment, besides other beneficial health effects, e.

Amino Acid Profile of Fruits as Potential Fingerprints of Varietal Origin.

This study aims to assess the capability of the H-NMR profiling of fruits from different genera in combination with multivariate data analysis to provide feasible information for fruit juices' authenticity in terms of botanical origin. Nine fruit varieties from four genera were selected for the experimental plan. The juice obtained from the fruits was characterized using the H-NMR technique, selecting the obtained amino acid profile of fruits as a potential specific fingerprint.

Chemical and Bioactivity Evaluation of and Polyphenolic-Rich Extracts.

This study evaluated the biological activities of and extracts enriched in polyphenols obtained by nanofiltration. The HPLC-MS analysis showed that contains mainly flavonoids, especially rutin, while in extracts show the high concentration of the phenolic acids, principally the chlorogenic acid and sinapic acid. Herein, there is the first report of ursolic acid, genistin, and isorhamnetin in and polyphenolic-rich extract showed high scavenging activity (IC=0.

Ester flavorants detection in foods with a bienzymatic biosensor based on a stable Prussian blue-copper electrodeposited on carbon paper electrode.

A stable and reproducible layer of Prussian blue (PB) modified with copper was electrodeposited on carbon paper electrodes for the multiple detection of ester flavorants with a bienzymatic biosensor. Carbon fiber composite paper was investigated as high-surface, low-cost substrate for biosensor development. The pre-activation of the electrode surface by cyclic voltammetry was necessary to improve the electrochemical properties before the electrochemical deposition of Prussian blue-copper film (PB-Cu).

Simple, selective and fast detection of acrylamide based on glutathione -transferase.

Acrylamide (AA) is a toxic compound formed in thermally prepared foods by Maillard reaction. Besides foods, AA may be found in cosmetic products as an impurity of the widely-used non-toxic polyacrylamide. We present a novel, fast and selective detection method based on the amperometric monitoring of the coupling reaction between reduced glutathione (GSH) and AA catalyzed by glutathione -transferase (GST) to produce an electrochemically inactive compound.

Antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory potential of and extracts.

In this study several investigations and tests were performed to determine the antioxidant activity and the acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory potential of and aqueous extracts (10% mass) and ethanolic extracts (10% mass and 70% ethanol), respectively. Moreover, for each type of the prepared extracts of and of the content in the biologically active compounds - polyphenols, flavones and proanthocyanidins was determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed using two methods, namely the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reducing power assay.

A bioanalytical approach of chemical composition, bioactivity and cytotoxicity of L. herb.

is a wild herb widespread in temperate zones which was practically not studied for its biological effects. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of were assessed for the content in polyphenols and the related antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and the polysaccharide extract for the content in saccharides and the associated cytostatic effect. The results obtained highlighted that the methanolic extracts of contain moderate amounts of polyphenols, the most representative been isoquercitrin 4.