Publications by authors named "Gaborit B"
Introduction: The increase in the population of immunocompromised patients due to advances in management of end-stage diseases and transplants poses challenges in treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Cefiderocol (FDC), a siderophore cephalosporin, has shown efficacy against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
Methods: This retrospective multicentre study investigated the real-world use of FDC in 114 immunocompromised adults treated for MDR infections in 12 French hospitals (June 2020-November 2023).
Background: Sinetrol Xpur is a polyphenolic ingredient rich in citrus flavonoids that has shown weight loss effects in previous studies. The dose dependent nature, gut microbial actions of this product has not been explored previously, thus presented in this study.
Methods: In this open label study, we evaluated the effect of Sinetrol Xpur supplementation on healthy but overweight/obese adults (20-50 yrs) for 16 weeks.
Background: The aim of this study (EPIDIAB) was to assess the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and the micro and macrovascular complications (MVC) of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods: EPIDIAB is a post hoc analysis from the AngioSafe T2D study, which is a multicentric study aimed at determining the safety of antihyperglycemic drugs on retina and including patients with T2D screened for diabetic retinopathy (DR) (n = 7200) and deeply phenotyped for MVC. Patients included who had undergone cardiac CT for CAC (Coronary Artery Calcium) scoring after inclusion (n = 1253) were tested with a validated deep learning segmentation pipeline for EAT volume quantification.
France was the first country to grant Sipavibart (AZD3152, an investigational long-acting monoclonal antibody) as a COVID-19 pre-exposure prophylaxis treatment in immunocompromised individuals in December 2023. The first patients to receive Sipavibart had different profiles, but they were all highly immunocompromised with frequently associated hypogammaglobulinemia and other chronic conditions. No adverse event was reported.
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- Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an active organ related to heart conditions like coronary artery disease and is found surrounding the heart and coronary arteries.
- This study aimed to compare immune cell types in EAT with those in different types of adipose tissue, specifically thoracic subcutaneous, visceral abdominal, and subcutaneous abdominal fat, using samples from patients with heart issues.
- Results revealed a strong link between immune pathways and browning genes in EAT, with notable differences in the presence of adaptive and innate immune cells compared to subcutaneous fat tissues.
Introduction: Currently, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the main side effect after sleeve gastrectomy (SG), causing discomfort and potential long-term risks. Surgical techniques combining fundoplication with SG are being evaluated to limit postoperative GERD.
Methods: This single-center retrospective study evaluated patients who underwent SG with posterior fundoplication in the context of GERD between 2018 and 2021, with postoperative follow-up up to 24 months.
Objective: Acute graft pyelonephritis (AGPN) is the most frequent infectious complication in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). The treatment of acute community-acquired (CA) pyelonephritis is based on third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) and fluoroquinolones. Cefepime or a piperacillin-tazobactam combination are more often used in healthcare-associated (HCA) infections.
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- The study explores the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and immune cell characteristics, focusing on how EAT is linked to coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation, and identifies unique immune signatures associated with browning genes.* -
- Results from the EPICAR and INTERFACE studies show a strong correlation between the T helper cell subtype Th2 immune pathway and browning genes in EAT, with a higher presence of various immune cells, such as CD4 and CD8 T cells, in both EAT and visceral fat compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue.* -
- The research highlights a significant increase in innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) within visceral fat, particularly EAT, and finds a
Objectives: The empirical treatment of infective endocarditis is still debated. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of empirical treatment with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP) or cefazolin vs. other treatments in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) endocarditis.
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- VEXAS is a newly identified syndrome linked to mutations in the UBA1 gene, which may lead to an increased risk of disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (NTMi), despite not being officially recognized as a cause of acquired immunodeficiency.
- In a study of 10 VEXAS patients, two were found with Mycobacterium avium, alongside a review of 20 cases of disseminated NTMi over 13 years, highlighting common conditions among the patients.
- The findings suggest that VEXAS patients may have a higher susceptibility to NTMi due to issues with their immune response, specifically monocytic dysfunction, and emphasize the need for vigilant diagnosis of opportunistic infections before adjusting
Introduction: Bariatric surgery is effective in reversing adverse cardiac remodelling in obesity. However, it is unclear whether the three commonly performed operations; Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band (LAGB) are equal in their ability to reverse remodelling.
Methods: Fifty-eight patients underwent CMR to assess left ventricular mass (LVM), LV mass:volume ratio (LVMVR) and LV eccentricity index (LVei) before and after bariatric surgery (26 RYGB, 22 LSG and 10 LAGB), including 46 with short-term (median 251-273 days) and 43 with longer-term (median 983-1027 days) follow-up.
Article Synopsis
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) has high mortality rates, and the effect of immunocompromising diseases on its severity and outcomes hasn't been thoroughly studied.
- This retrospective study analyzed 481 patients diagnosed with PcP between 2011 and 2021, revealing that those with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) or solid tumors had worse survival rates at 90 days.
- Key factors increasing 90-day mortality included having solid tumors, long-term corticosteroid use, sputum cysts, and higher SOFA scores, with prior corticosteroid therapy, particularly daily prednisone doses ≥10mg, being most impactful among HIV-negative patients.
Article Synopsis
- Diabetes significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, particularly among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), where circulating monocytes play a crucial role in inflammation related to both diabetes and atherosclerosis.* -
- A study involving 672 T2D patients found a positive correlation between blood monocyte counts and coronary artery calcium scores, which are indicators of cardiovascular risk, revealing distinct monocyte subtypes associated with varying cardiovascular risk levels.* -
- The research indicates that analyzing monocyte frequency and profiles can serve as valuable predictors for cardiovascular events in T2D patients, highlighting potential mitochondrial dysfunction in these individuals' immune responses.*
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common form of birth defects in humans. They occur in 9 out of 1000 live births and are defined as structural abnormalities of the heart. Understanding CHDs is difficult due to the heterogeneity of the disease and its multifactorial etiology.
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- - The study assessed XAV-19, an antibody treatment, for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms, focusing on its safety and effectiveness in preventing death or serious respiratory failure.
- - Conducted across 34 hospitals in France, the trial involved 398 adult patients who were randomly assigned to receive either XAV-19 or a placebo, with no major differences in outcomes observed between the two groups after 15 days.
- - Findings revealed that treatment with XAV-19 did not lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of severe health complications compared to placebo, and adverse events were similarly reported in both groups.
Editorial: Cardiac fat in metabolic and endocrine diseases.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
September 2023
Article Synopsis
- Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes that leads to vision loss, and current risk factors are not effective in early detection.
- A study analyzed plasma samples from type 2 diabetes patients with varying stages of DR, discovering significant differences in 69 metabolites and 85 lipid species between those with and without the condition.
- The findings highlighted specific metabolic pathways linked to DR and identified potential plasma biomarkers that could improve early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity induce left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, but myocardial triglyceride content (MTGC) could be involved.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine which clinical and biological factors are associated with increased MTGC and to establish whether MTGC is associated with early changes in LV function.
Article Synopsis
- The text indicates that the article with DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761250 has been corrected.
- Corrections are typically made to improve the accuracy of the published research.
- The specific details of the corrections are not included in the provided text.
Introduction: Ceftazidime-avibactam has proven activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in clinical trials and real-world studies. This study was conducted to describe the patterns of use of ceftazidime-avibactam (including indications and associated antibiotics), and the effectiveness and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam in real-world clinical practice.
Methods: This non-interventional medical chart review study was conducted in 11 countries across the European and Latin American (LATAM) regions.
Changes in epicardial and visceral adipose tissue depots following bariatric surgery and their effect on cardiac geometry.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
February 2023
Introduction: Obesity affects cardiac geometry, causing both eccentric (due to increased cardiac output) and concentric (due to insulin resistance) remodelling. Following bariatric surgery, reversal of both processes should occur. Furthermore, epicardial adipose tissue loss following bariatric surgery may reduce pericardial restraint, allowing further chamber expansion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Patients with diabetes and obesity are populations at high-risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes and have shown blunted immune responses when administered different vaccines. Here we used the 'ANRS0001S COV-POPART' French nationwide multicenter prospective cohort to investigate early humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination in the sub-cohort ('COVPOP OBEDIAB') of patients with obesity and diabetes.
Methods: Patients with diabetes (n = 390, type 1 or 2) or obesity (n = 357) who had received two vaccine doses and had no history of previous COVID-19 infection and negative anti-nucleocapsid (NCP) antibodies were included and compared against healthy subjects (n = 573).
Aim: We aimed to analyze changes in retinal microvascularization with intensive reduction of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with poorly controlled diabetes using quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) metrics. Method: This was a retrospective observational study in patients with uncontrolled diabetes admitted to the hospital for glycemic control. A second set of 15 healthy volunteers was included to serve as a control group.
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