Assessment of the predictive power the radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis method in prostate cancer patients.

Due to the better survival of patients with tumorous diseases, it is increasingly important to predict the side effects of radiotherapy, for which the Radiation-Induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis (RILA) method is proving to be effective in multicentric studies. Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide, which is usually treated with radiotherapy. We recruited 49 patients with localized prostate cancer and performed RILA measurements before radiotherapy.

Neck Node Squamous Cell Metastasis from Unknown Primary and Mutagen Sensitivity: A Case Series.

Most of the neck node metastases from cancer of unknown primary (CUP) are squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The majority of which are human papillomavirus (HPV)-related, frequently show cystic morphology referring to Waldeyer's ring origin. Here, we report four cases of neck node SCCs metastases from CUP.

Chromosomal breakage tests in the differential diagnosis of Fanconi anemia and aplastic anemia.

Background: FA patients are hypersensitive to preconditioning of bone marrow transplantation.

Objective: Assessment of the power of mitomycin C (MMC) test to assign FA patients.

Methods: We analysed 195 patients with hematological disorders using spontaneous and two types of chromosomal breakage tests (MMC and bleomycin).

Prostate Cancer Survivors Present Long-Term, Residual Systemic Immune Alterations.

Background: The development of cancer and anti-tumor therapies can lead to systemic immune alterations but little is known about how long immune dysfunction persists in cancer survivors.

Methods: We followed changes in the cellular immune parameters of prostate cancer patients with good prognostic criteria treated with low dose rate brachytherapy before and up to 3 years after the initiation of therapy.

Results: Patients before therapy had a reduced CD4+ T cell pool and increased regulatory T cell fraction and these alterations persisted or got amplified during the 36-month follow-up.

Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes as Predictors of Respiratory Function After Stereotactic Lung Irradiation.

Due to the profound difference in radiosensitivity of patients and various side effects caused by this phenomenon, a radiosensitivity marker is needed. Prediction by a marker may help personalise the treatment. In this study, we tested chromosomal aberrations (CA) of irradiated blood as predictor of pulmonary function decrease of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and also compared it with the CAs in the blood of irradiated patients.

Spontaneous Chromosomal Aberrations in Lymphocytes and Development of Tumor in Hospital Workers.

Background: Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes in blood lymphocytes can be used to reveal biomarkers of tumor risk. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) appears to correlate with the later incidence of cancer.

Patients And Methods: In our work, a total of 515 healthy Hungarian medical workers and 725 controls were enrolled in our investigation.

Relationship between biodosimetric parameters and treatment volumes in three types of prostate radiotherapy.

Brachytherapy (BT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) apply different dose rates, overall treatment times, energies and fractionation. However, the overall impact of these variables on the biological dose of blood is neglected. As the size of the irradiated volume influences the biological effect as well, we studied chromosome aberrations (CAs) as biodosimetric parameters, and explored the relationship of isodose surface volumes (ISVs: V, V, V, V, V, V) and CAs of both irradiation modalities.

Smoking, chromosomal aberrations, and cancer incidence in healthy subjects.

Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in peripheral blood lymphocytes can be used as biomarkers of cancer risk. Cytogenetic tests were conducted on 2396 healthy Hungarian individuals and cancer incidence was followed up from 1989 to 2018. Venous blood samples were obtained from the subjects and metaphases from lymphocyte cultures were prepared.

[And what about doctors? Associations between spontaneous chromosomal aberrations and cancer morbidity in healthcare workers].

Healthcare workers may be occupationally exposed to low dose rate radiation or different chemicals during their work. There are strong associations between the increased frequency of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes and the risk of cancer. Cytogenetic tests were conducted on 1240 healthy medical workers and cancer incidence was followed up between 1997-2018.

[Mutagen sensitivity and risk of second cancer in young patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer].

Head and neck cancer patients are at high risk for secondary primary cancer (SPC) development. Mutagen hypersensitivity may be associated with elevated risk of SPC. A survey was made of SPC among 124 young (≤50 years) patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck who were enrolled in a pretreatment mutagen sensitivity investigation during 1996-2006.

[Biological dose estimation for photons of different qualities in radiation therapy].

Flattening filter free mode (FFF) has been introduced in radiotherapy during the past decades, however, not much has been reported on its radiobiological effect. The purpose of our study was to compare the radiobiological effects of flattening filter and flattening filter free photon beams on chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In our study the blood of the same healthy donor was irradiated with linear accelerator using both conventional flattening filter (FF) and FFF photon beams at dose rate of 3.

Quantifying biological effects of radiation from high-energy linear accelerators on lymphocytes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the radiobiological effects of flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) modes of linear electron accelerators and to understand whether there is any difference between the effects of these modes. We evaluated the number of chromosome aberrations following irradiation of lymphocytes from healthy volunteers with X-ray photons at two energy levels, 6 and 10 MV; the dose rate ranged between 5.50 and 23.

Y-chromosomal connection between Hungarians and geographically distant populations of the Ural Mountain region and West Siberia.

Hungarians who live in Central Europe today are one of the westernmost Uralic speakers. Despite of the proposed Volga-Ural/West Siberian roots of the Hungarian language, the present-day Hungarian gene pool is highly similar to that of the surrounding Indo-European speaking populations. However, a limited portion of specific Y-chromosomal lineages from haplogroup N, sometimes associated with the spread of Uralic languages, link modern Hungarians with populations living close to the Ural Mountain range on the border of Europe and Asia.

Modeling Point Spread Function in Fluorescence Microscopy With a Sparse Gaussian Mixture: Tradeoff Between Accuracy and Efficiency.

Deblurring is a fundamental inverse problem in bioimaging. It requires modeling the point spread function (PSF), which captures the optical distortions entailed by the image formation process. The PSF limits the spatial resolution attainable for a given microscope.

Progressive breast fibrosis caused by extreme radiosensitivity: Oncocytogenetic diagnosis and treatment by reconstructive flap surgery.

Background: Fibrosis, a proliferative response of fibrocytes after tissue injury, is a common sequela of external radiotherapy and can vary greatly among patients even in the absence of DNA repair syndromes, due to their different intrinsic radiosensitivity. Fibrosis is also a serious cosmetic problem for patients, and in some cases it can also imply pain.

Case: Here, we report a case of a severe fibrosis 2 years after breast conserving surgery and postoperative 3D conformal breast irradiation.

A Bayesian framework for the analog reconstruction of kymographs from fluorescence microscopy data.

Kymographs are widely used to represent and analyse spatio-temporal dynamics of fluorescence markers along curvilinear biological compartments. These objects have a singular geometry, thus kymograph reconstruction is inherently an analog image processing task. However, the existing approaches are essentially digital: the kymograph photometry is sampled directly from the time-lapse images.

A Novel Method for the Approximation of Humeral Head Retrotorsion Based on Three-Dimensional Registration of the Bicipital Groove.

Background: The accurate restoration of premorbid anatomy is key for the success of reconstructive surgeries of the proximal part of the humerus. The bicipital groove has been proposed as a landmark for the prediction of humeral head retrotorsion. We hypothesized that a novel method based on bilateral registration of the bicipital groove yields an accurate approximation of the premorbid anatomy of the proximal part of the humerus.

Quantitative spatial analysis of haematopoiesis-regulating stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment by 3D microscopy.

Sinusoidal endothelial cells and mesenchymal CXCL12-abundant reticular cells are principal bone marrow stromal components, which critically modulate haematopoiesis at various levels, including haematopoietic stem cell maintenance. These stromal subsets are thought to be scarce and function via highly specific interactions in anatomically confined niches. Yet, knowledge on their abundance, global distribution and spatial associations remains limited.

Restoration of the Patient-Specific Anatomy of the Proximal and Distal Parts of the Humerus: Statistical Shape Modeling Versus Contralateral Registration Method.

Background: In computer-assisted reconstructive surgeries, the contralateral anatomy is established as the best available reconstruction template. However, existing intra-individual bilateral differences or a pathological, contralateral humerus may limit the applicability of the method. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether a statistical shape model (SSM) has the potential to predict accurately the pretraumatic anatomy of the humerus from the posttraumatic condition.

A Novel Registration-Based Approach for 3D Assessment of Posttraumatic Distal Humeral Deformities.

Background: With current 3-dimensional (3D) computer-based methods for the assessment of deformities, a surface registration method is applied to superimpose a computer model of the pathological bone onto a mirrored computer model of the contralateral side. However, because of bilateral differences, especially in humeral torsion, such template-based approaches may introduce bias in the assessment of a distal humeral deformity. We hypothesized that a novel registration approach might prove superior to the current approach in reducing such bias, thus yielding improved accuracy of 3D assessment of distal humeral deformities.

A scale-space curvature matching algorithm for the reconstruction of complex proximal humeral fractures.

The optimal surgical treatment of complex fractures of the proximal humerus is controversial. It is proven that best results are obtained if an anatomical reduction of the fragments is achieved and, therefore, computer-assisted methods have been proposed for the reconstruction of the fractures. However, complex fractures of the proximal humerus are commonly accompanied with a relevant displacement of the fragments and, therefore, algorithms relying on the initial position of the fragments might fail.

Isotropic Total Variation Regularization of Displacements in Parametric Image Registration.

Spatial regularization is essential in image registration, which is an ill-posed problem. Regularization can help to avoid both physically implausible displacement fields and local minima during optimization. Tikhonov regularization (squared l -norm) is unable to correctly represent non-smooth displacement fields, that can, for example, occur at sliding interfaces in the thorax and abdomen in image time-series during respiration.

Feasibility of Diffusion Tractography for the Reconstruction of Intra-Thalamic and Cerebello-Thalamic Targets for Functional Neurosurgery: A Multi-Vendor Pilot Study in Four Subjects.

Functional stereotactic neurosurgery by means of deep brain stimulation or ablation provides an effective treatment for movement disorders, but the outcome of surgical interventions depends on the accuracy by which the target structures are reached. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based probabilistic tractography of deep brain structures that are commonly used for pre- and perioperative targeting for functional neurosurgery. Three targets were reconstructed based on their significance as intervention sites or as a no-go area to avoid adverse side effects: the connections propagating from the thalamus to (1) primary and supplementary motor areas, (2) to somatosensory areas and the cerebello-thalamic tract (CTT).

Image guidance in orthopaedics and traumatology: A historical perspective.

In this note we summarize the history of computer aided surgery in orthopaedics and traumatology from the end of the nineteenth century to currently observable future trends. We concentrate on the two major components of such systems, pre-operative planning and intra-operative execution. The evolution of the necessary technological components, the numerous platforms and components offered commercially as well as their clinical use are surveyed.

Relationship between spontaneous frequency of aneuploidy and cancer risk in 2145 healthy Hungarian subjects.

Numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities are the hallmarks of cancer. Whereas the structural chromosome aberrations got more substantial attention for cancer risk assessment in a healthy population, the role of aneuploidy is much less understood in this respect. We analysed the frequency of numerical (and structural) aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 2145 healthy individuals between 1989 and 2010, taking into account different biological- and exposure-conditions.