Sequencing Effects of Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training on Selected Measures of Physical Fitness in Young Male Soccer Players: A Randomized Matched-Pairs Trial.

Background: Various physical fitness qualities such as muscle strength, speed and endurance are related to soccer performance. Accordingly, the combination of strength and endurance training (i.e.

Renal vascular control during normothermia and passive heat stress does not differ between healthy younger men and women.

Men are likely at greater risk for heat-induced acute kidney injury compared with women, possibly due to differences in vascular control. We tested the hypothesis that the renal vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses will be greater in younger women compared with men during passive heat stress. Twenty-five healthy adults [12 women (early follicular phase) and 13 men] completed two experimental visits, heat stress or normothermic time-control, assigned in a block-randomized crossover design.

Lateral membrane organization as target of an antimicrobial peptidomimetic compound.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the leading concerns in medical care. Here we study the mechanism of action of an antimicrobial cationic tripeptide, AMC-109, by combining high speed-atomic force microscopy, molecular dynamics, fluorescence assays, and lipidomic analysis. We show that AMC-109 activity on negatively charged membranes derived from Staphylococcus aureus consists of two crucial steps.

Dyspnea Is Attenuated by Auditory Distraction via Music with Headphones during Exercise in Healthy Individuals.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether listening to music through headphones (a) affects the sensory (breathing intensity [BI]) and/or affective (breathing unpleasantness [BU]) components of dyspnea during exercise at different intensities and (b) affects exercise performance.

Methods: Twenty-two recreationally active individuals (24 ± 3 yr, 10 women) performed two 5-min constant loads (10% below/above gas exchange threshold [GET]) and an 8-km cycling time trial with ambient laboratory noise or self-selected music in a randomized crossover design. BI, BU, and ventilation ( V̇E ) were measured at each minute of the constant loads and every 2 km of the time trial.

Glomerular filtration rate reserve is reduced during mild passive heat stress in healthy young adults.

We tested the hypothesis that, compared with normothermia, the increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after an oral protein load (defined as the GFR reserve) is attenuated during moderate passive heat stress in young healthy adults. Sixteen participants (5 women; 26 ± 2 yr) completed two experimental visits, heat stress or a normothermic time-control, assigned in a block-randomized crossover design. During the heat stress trial, core temperature was increased by 0.

Healthcare Resource Utilization and Associated Costs in New Users of Empagliflozin versus DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Agonists: A Comparative Analysis Based on Retrospective Real-World Data from German Sickness Funds.

Purpose: Achieving good glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) may require individualized pharmacological approaches. We aimed to compare direct healthcare costs in patients treated with empagliflozin (EMPA) compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA).

Patients And Methods: This German claims data study included continuously insured persons with at least two outpatient diagnoses and/or one inpatient diagnosis of T2DM if they started EMPA, DPP-4i, or GLP-1-RA in 2015-2018.

Very-high-frequency oscillations in the main peak of a magnetar giant flare.

Magnetars are strongly magnetized, isolated neutron stars with magnetic fields up to around 10 gauss, luminosities of approximately 10-10 ergs per second and rotation periods of about 0.3-12.0 s.

[Association between biological maturity, body constitution and physical fitness with performance on a rowing ergometer in elite youth female rowers].

Background: There is a gap in the literature regarding predictors of rowing performance in young rowers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate associations between parameters of biological maturity, body constitution and physical fitness with rowing performance in young female elite rowers.

Methods: A total of 26 female rowers aged 13.

Strength Training Intensity and Volume Affect Performance of Young Kayakers/Canoeists.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of moderate intensity, low volume (MILV) vs. low intensity, high volume (LIHV) strength training on sport-specific performance, measures of muscular fitness, and skeletal muscle mass in young kayakers and canoeists.

Methods: Semi-elite young kayakers and canoeists ( = 40, 13 ± 0.

Measures of Physical Fitness Improve Prediction of Kayak and Canoe Sprint Performance in Young Kayakers and Canoeists.

Gäbler, M, Prieske, O, Elferink-Gemser, MT, Hortobágyi, T, Warnke, T, and Granacher, U. Measures of physical fitness improve prediction of kayak and canoe sprint performance in young kayakers and canoeists. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1264-1270, 2023-Markers of talent selection and predictors of performance in canoe and kayak sprint are not yet well defined.

Real-world clinical outcomes and costs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after initiation of insulin therapy: A German claims data analysis.

Background: This study describes real-world treatment-related outcomes and healthcare costs of German type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients who initiated insulin therapy.

Methods: This retrospective analysis includes German claims data from 01/01/2012 until 31/12/2016. Identification of eligible patients took place between 01/01/2013 and 31/12/2015, allowing for at least 1 year of follow-up.

Guideline Adherence and Associated Outcomes in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With an Incident Cardiovascular Comorbidity: An Analysis Based on a Large German Claims Dataset.

Introduction: According to current guidelines, appropriate drug treatment is the backbone of the effective management of cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main objective of this study was to assess the degree of real-world adherence to these guideline recommendations and to identify whether poor guideline adherence is associated with worse clinical outcomes.

Methods: In this retrospective German claims data analysis (AOK PLUS dataset), patients with T2DM with an incident diagnosis (index date) of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure or coronary artery disease were observed for 12 months between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2017.

Cardiovascular disease prevalence in type 2 diabetes - an analysis of a large German statutory health insurance database.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Germany.

Methods: A claims database with an age- and sex-stratified sample of nearly 4 million individuals insured within the German statutory health system was used. All patients aged ≥18 years with T2D documented between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2015 and complete retrospective documentation of ≥5 years (continuous enrollment in the German statutory health system) before 2015 were selected based on a validated algorithm.

Seasonal Changes in Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness and the Relationships with Sporting Success in Young Sub-Elite Judo Athletes: An Exploratory Study.

This exploratory study aimed to monitor long-term seasonal developments in measures of anthropometry, body composition, and physical fitness in young judo athletes, and to compute associations between these measures and sporting success. Forty-four young judoka (20 females, 24 males) volunteered to participate. Tests for the assessment of anthropometry (e.

The DIVE/DPV registries: evolution of empagliflozin use in clinical practice in Germany.

Introduction: Empagliflozin reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical trials. A registry study was undertaken to describe evolution of patient characteristics and assess the real-world effectiveness/safety of empagliflozin.

Research Design And Methods: Data from the Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV)/Diabetes Versorgungsevaluation (DIVE) registries on 9571 adults with T2DM (registered in 2014-2019) receiving empagliflozin were used.

Treatment decisions in end-stage COPD: who decides how? A cross-sectional survey of different medical specialties.

Introduction: End-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with acute respiratory failure are often treated by representatives from different medical specialties. This study investigates if the choice of treatment is influenced by the medical specialty.

Methods: An online cross-sectional survey among four Austrian medical societies was performed, accompanied by a case vignette of a geriatric end-stage COPD patient with acute respiratory failure.

Real-world insulin therapy in German type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and insulin dosage.

Background: A substantial share of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients receive insulin. However, little is known about the real-world treatment patterns around insulin initiation.

Methods: This was a retrospective claims data analysis.

[Not Available].

This paper was created by the Austrian Society of Pneumology (Working group Ventilation and Intensive Care) to summarize the specific characteristics of mechanical ventilation in patients presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The main differences in pathophysiology and mechanical ventilation are shown, including acute respiratory failure and out-of-hospital mechanical ventilation.

Effects of Isokinetic Training on Trunk Muscle Fitness and Body Composition in World-Class Canoe Sprinters.

In canoe sprint, the trunk muscles play an important role in stabilizing the body in an unstable environment (boat) and in generating forces that are transmitted through the shoulders and arms to the paddle for propulsion of the boat. Isokinetic training is well suited for sports in which propulsion is generated through water resistance due to similarities in the resistive mode. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of isokinetic training in addition to regular sport-specific training on trunk muscular fitness and body composition in world-class canoeists and to evaluate associations between trunk muscular fitness and canoe-specific performance.

The Effects of Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training on Physical Fitness and Athletic Performance in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Combining training of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness within a training cycle could increase athletic performance more than single-mode training. However, the physiological effects produced by each training modality could also interfere with each other, improving athletic performance less than single-mode training. Because anthropometric, physiological, and biomechanical differences between young and adult athletes can affect the responses to exercise training, young athletes might respond differently to concurrent training (CT) compared with adults.

Allosteric modulation of the farnesoid X receptor by a small molecule.

The bile acid activated transcription factor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates numerous metabolic processes and is a rising target for the treatment of hepatic and metabolic disorders. FXR agonists have revealed efficacy in treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), diabetes and dyslipidemia. Here we characterize imatinib as first-in-class allosteric FXR modulator and report the development of an optimized descendant that markedly promotes agonist induced FXR activation in a reporter gene assay and FXR target gene expression in HepG2 cells.

Microvascular characteristics of the acoustic fats: Novel data suggesting taxonomic differences between deep and shallow-diving odontocetes.

Odontocetes have specialized mandibular fats, the extramandibular (EMFB) and intramandibular fat bodies (IMFB), which function as acoustic organs, receiving and channeling sound to the ear during hearing and echolocation. Recent strandings of beaked whales suggest that these fat bodies are susceptible to nitrogen (N ) gas embolism and empirical evidence has shown that the N solubility of these fat bodies is higher than that of blubber. Since N gas will diffuse from blood into tissue at any blood/tissue interface and potentially form gas bubbles upon decompression, it is imperative to understand the extent of microvascularity in these specialized acoustic fats so that risk of embolism formation when diving can be estimated.

Nonacidic Farnesoid X Receptor Modulators.

As a cellular bile acid sensor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) participates in regulation of bile acid, lipid and glucose homeostasis, and liver protection. Clinical results have validated FXR as therapeutic target in hepatic and metabolic diseases. To date, potent FXR agonists share a negatively ionizable function that might compromise their pharmacokinetic distribution and behavior.