Comparison of Iodine Concentrations in Kitchen Salt and Urine with the Thyroid Volume of Schoolchildren from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil: Warning of Worsening After 10 Years of Study.

In 2007 and 2015, two studies were conducted in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, on schoolchildren of both sexes attending schools of three different socioeconomic levels (school 1: low; school 2: middle; school 3: high). Iodine concentrations were measured in samples of kitchen salt from the home provided by the schoolchildren and in urine samples, and these levels were compared to the thyroid volume by clinical assessment. In 2007, a marked discrepancy in iodine concentrations was found in salt samples in 300 schoolchildren of both sexes (age range 8-10 years).

Comparison of power Doppler and thermography for the selection of thyroid nodules in which fine-needle aspiration biopsy is indicated.

Objective: To compare two methods-power Doppler and thermography-for the analysis of nodule vascularization and subsequent selection of nodules to be biopsied.

Materials And Methods: A total of 510 subjects with thyroid nodules were analyzed by power Doppler and submitted to fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Thirty-seven patients were submitted to nodule excision (29 due to carcinoma or suspected carcinoma and 8 by patient choice).

Students and tutors' social representations of assessment in problem-based learning tutorials supporting change.

Background: Medical programmes that implement problem-based learning (PBL) face several challenges when introducing this innovative learning method. PBL relies on small group as the foundation of study, and tutors facilitate learning by guiding the process rather than teaching the group. One of the major challenges is the use of strategies to assess students working in small groups.

Comparison between visual scoring of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) and computerized assessment of slow EEG oscillations in the transition from light to deep non-REM sleep.

Ten healthy volunteers (six men and four women) aged between 20 and 30 years underwent a nocturnal polygraphic recording on paper and on tape. Spectral analysis was accomplished and EEG sleep scored according to standard criteria and to the guidelines for the identification of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP). The initial 25 min of sleep, starting from the first clear-cut k-complex and ending within stage 4, was subdivided into five consecutive blocks of 5 min each.