Epidemiology of DSM-5 PTSD and ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in the Netherlands.

Introduction: Information regarding the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs), DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and ICD-11 complex PTSD (CPTSD) in the Netherlands is currently lacking, as is data on treatment uptake and treatment barriers. We aimed to provide prevalence estimates for potentially traumatic events, PTSD and CPTSD in the Netherlands, describe treatment seeking behavior and explore associated risk factors.

Method: We included a sample of 1690 participants aged 16 years and older across the Netherlands via the Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences panel, a true probability sample of households drawn from the population register by Statistics Netherlands.

Compulsory admissions of patients with mental disorders: State of the art on ethical and legislative aspects in 40 European countries.

Background: Compulsory admission procedures of patients with mental disorders vary between countries in Europe. The Ethics Committee of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) launched a survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries to gather information from all National Psychiatric Associations that are members of the EPA to develop recommendations for improving involuntary admission processes and promote voluntary care.

Methods: The survey focused on legislation of involuntary admissions and key actors involved in the admission procedure as well as most common reasons for involuntary admissions.

Intoxicated persons showing challenging behavior demand complexity interventions: a pilot study at the interface of the ER and the complexity intervention unit.

Intoxicated persons showing challenging behavior (IPCBs) under influence of alcohol and/or drugs frequently have trouble finding appropriate acute care. Often IPCBs are stigmatized being unwilling or unable to accept help. Separated physical and mental healthcare systems hamper integrated acute care for IPCBs.

Optimizing foster family placement for infants and toddlers: A randomized controlled trial on the effect of the foster family intervention.

The relationship between foster children and their foster carers comes with many risks and may be very stressful both for parents and children. We developed an intervention (foster family intervention [FFI]) to tackle these risks. The intervention focuses on foster children below the age of 5 years.

Training in psychiatry throughout Europe.

Psychiatry is the largest medical specialty in Europe. Despite efforts to bring harmonisation, training in psychiatry in Europe continues to be very diverse. The Union Européenne des Médecins Spécialistes (UEMS) has issued as from 2000 a charter of requirements for the training in psychiatry with an additional European Framework for Competencies in Psychiatry in 2009.

[Somatic screening in child and adolescent psychiatry: a descriptive pilot study].

Background: Somatic disorders occur more often in psychiatric patients than in the general population. Somatic symptoms can cause or increase psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatric symptoms and their treatment can have an effect on the physical state of the patient.

[Intensive home treatment of adolescents in crisis: treat the parents along with 'psychiatric' adolescents].

Objective: To investigate whether a new intensive home treatment (IHT) model for adolescents with psychiatric problems is more effective or more efficient than previous treatment methods involving long-term clinical admission.

Design: Descriptive, retrospective study.

Method: The previous treatment model for adolescents in crisis consisted of clinical admission for 6 months or longer.

Raising a child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: 'If this were a partner relationship, I would have quit ages ago'.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the experiences of parents having a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and what kind of support parents would like to receive in primary care.

Methods: Interviews were held with 29 main caregivers, in combination with a standardized questionnaire on quality of life.

Results: Virtually all parents experienced tremendous shortcomings as a caregiver of their affected child and therefore felt guilty both towards their child with ASD and towards their other children.

Atomoxetine in autism spectrum disorder: no effects on social functioning; some beneficial effects on stereotyped behaviors, inappropriate speech, and fear of change.

Unlabelled: Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the short-term treatment effects of atomoxetine on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children and adolescents with both ASD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: A total of 97 patients 6-17 years of age, with ASD and ADHD, were treated with 1.2 mg/kg/day of atomoxetine during an 8 week double-blind placebo-controlled period.

Improving patient care for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children by organizational redesign (Tornado program) and enhanced collaboration between psychiatry and general practice: a controlled before and after study.

Background: Implementation of clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents is a challenge in practice due to insufficient availability of mental health specialists and lack of effective cooperation with primary care physicians. The Tornado program aims to reduce time between referral and start of treatment in eligible patients. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of this program.

[A fresh look at psychiatric disorders].

Background: The a-theoretical approach to psychiatric disorders, introduced via dsm iii, has had a tremendous impact. It has stimulated a large body of research, facilitated by the concurrent development of new techniques in genetics, neuro-imaging and neuropsychology. However, the research results of the last twenty years or so have cast doubt on the validity of the clinical categories set out in dsm iii.

Temperament and character as endophenotype in adults with autism spectrum disorders or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder overlap in several ways, raising questions about the nature of this comorbidity. Rommelse et al. published an innovative review of candidate endophenotypes for autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in cognitive and brain domains.

EPA guidance on building trust in mental health services.

Purpose: To advance mental health care use by developing recommendations to increase trust from the general public and patients, those who have been in contact with services, those who have never been in contact and those who care for their families in the mental health care system.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search and the retrieved documents were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Evidence tables were generated and recommendations were developed in an expert and stakeholder consensus process.

European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on post-graduate psychiatric training in Europe.

The European Union Free Movement Directive gives professionals the opportunity to work and live within the European Union, but does not give specific requirements regarding how the specialists in medicine have to be trained, with the exception of a required minimum of 4 years of education. Efforts have been undertaken to harmonize post-graduate training in psychiatry in Europe since the Treaty of Rome 1957, with the founding of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) and establishment of a charter outlining how psychiatrists should be trained. However, the different curricula for post-graduate training were only compared by surveys, never through a systematic review of the official national requirements.

Gender and age differences in the core triad of impairments in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Autism is an extensively studied disorder in which the gender disparity in prevalence has received much attention. In contrast, only a few studies examine gender differences in symptomatology. This systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 peer reviewed original publications examines gender differences in the core triad of impairments in autism.

Salivary cortisol: a possible biomarker in evaluating stress and effects of interventions in young foster children?

Young foster children undergo an early separation from their caregiver(s) and often experience severe stress before placement. However, a considerable part of the children do not show apparent signs of distress, making it difficult for the foster carer to be aware of the amount of stress in their foster child. Potential evidence for using salivary cortisol levels as a dimension to evaluate the amount of stress in young foster children is reviewed.

Long-term treatment with atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: an open-label extension study.

Objective: The efficacy and tolerability of long-term treatment with atomoxetine for symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been established.

Methods: In this study, 88 patients 6-17 years of age, with ADHD and ASD, were treated with 1.2 mg/kg/day atomoxetine for 20 weeks as follow-up of an 8 week double-blind placebo-controlled period.

How to use the ADI-R for classifying autism spectrum disorders? Psychometric properties of criteria from the literature in 1,204 Dutch children.

The algorithm of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised provides criteria for autism versus non-autism according to DSM-IV. Criteria for the broader autism spectrum disorders are needed. This study investigated the validity of seven sets of criteria from the literature, in 1,204 Dutch children (aged 3-18 years) with and without mental retardation.

[Adjustment and alteration of the quality indicators in the Basic Set (GGZ) for use in child and adolescent psychiatry].

Background: Transparency by means of quality indicators is regarded as a method for monitoring and improving the quality of care. In the Dutch mental health service (GGZ) a generic basic set of indicators has been developed, but it is not clear whether the set is suitable for use in child and adolescent psychiatry.

Aim: To assess whether the GGZ Basic Set of performance indicators for 2007-2008 was suitable for use in a child and adolescent psychiatric setting and to detect any omissions in that set.

[The challenge of staging developmental disorders].

Background: On the basis of our current knowledge, developmental disorders can be divided into the following stages: stage 0: normal variation, stage 1: simple disorder of moderate severity, stage 2: complicating co-morbidity and/or harmful background circumstances, and stage 3: serious disorder with harmful background circumstances.

Aim: To describe the current views on prognostic aspects of staging from a developmental perspective.

Method: The study is based on a critical review of the relevant literature.

Narrowly versus broadly defined autism spectrum disorders: differences in pre- and perinatal risk factors.

This study examined the differential contribution of pre- and perinatal risks in narrowly versus broadly defined autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and across core symptom domains, IQ and co-morbid problems. Children with a DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder (AD) (n = 121) or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) (n = 75) were compared to a typical control sample (n = 311). Diagnoses were based on extensive assessments between 12 and 49 months of age (M = 33.

The state of psychiatry in the Netherlands: strength by quality, influence by capabilities.

Psychiatry and mental healthcare in the Netherlands has a long history of institutional care, slowly more adapted to the community, but differentiated from mainstream healthcare in terms of organization and remuneration. It is in a crucial phase of reconsideration. Along with harsh cuts on the budgets in healthcare, the field is in transition where training is concerned.

Visual scanning in very young children with autism and their unaffected parents.

This study of gaze patterns in very young children with autism and their parents included 23 cases (with 16 fathers and 19 mothers) and 46 controls (with 14 fathers and 28 mothers). Children (mean age 3.3 ± 1.