Epithelial PD-L1 expression at tumor front predicts overall survival in a cohort of oral squamous cell carcinomas from Sudan.

Background: We recently described the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) from Sudan by assessing the core of the lesions. However, the invasive tumor front (ITF) is the most active part of OSCC lesions; thus, TIME should also be characterized at the ITF in this patient cohort.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate patterns of immune cell infiltration at the ITF in a cohort of OSCC patients from Sudan previously investigated at the tumor center and their association with clinicopathological parameters.

Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome in a Cohort of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients From Sudan Identifies Higher Salivary Carriage of as an Independent and Favorable Predictor of Overall Survival.

Background: Microbial dysbiosis and microbiome-induced inflammation have emerged as important factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumorigenesis during the last two decades. However, the "rare biosphere" of the oral microbiome, including fungi, has been sparsely investigated. This study aimed to characterize the salivary mycobiome in a prospective Sudanese cohort of OSCC patients and to explore patterns of diversities associated with overall survival (OS).

Characterization of immune cell infiltrate in tumor stroma and epithelial compartments in oral squamous cell carcinomas of Sudanese patients.

Background: Tumor immune infiltrate has been explored in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but studies on simultaneous characterization of multiple immune cell subtypes separately in stromal and intraepithelial tumor compartments are limited.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the immune cell infiltrate in OSCC by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a panel of inflammatory cells in stromal and epithelial tumor compartments for a better characterization of the tumors.

Methods: Thirty-six OSCC lesions and nine normal oral mucosa (NOM) samples from patients attending Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital, Sudan were investigated for presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, and PD-L1 positive cells in the inflammatory infiltrate by single and double IHC.

Effects of mannuronic acid (M2000) on gene expression profile of signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs) in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a form of inflammatory arthritis, is a chronic joint disease characterized by pain and inflammation that affects 0.5% to 1% of the population worldwide. The safety, efficacy, tolerability, and potency of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property has been reported by several in vitro studies, experimental models and clinical trials phase I/II and III in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients This research is designed to study the therapeutic efficacy of oral administration of mannuronic acid in RA patients who had inadequate response to conventional drugs and to assess the effect of this drug on gene expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) protein (STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, and STAT6).

β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) as a Landmark in Pharmacology.

Objectives: The goal of this article is to retrace the studies of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) as a new immunosuppressive drug with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) property in miscellaneous aspects including in vitro, in vivo examinations, clinical trials and related to clinical trials studies. Our goal is to compare the effect of this drug with other similar drugs through varied researches and to follow tolerability, biocompatibility, potency, safety, and efficacy of this medication in different studies, as well as to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness in various diseases.

Materials And Methods: Different methods were applied in the studies of β-D-Mannuronic Acid under in vitro, in vivo examinations, and clinical trials phase I, II and III and related investigations to these clinical trials using different techniques showing the efficacy of this medication in the treatment of various diseases.

The Oral Administration Effect of Drug Mannuronic Acid (M2000) on Gene Expression of Matrix and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a complex disease involving an unknown number of genes, and affecting a large number of organs, tissues, and sites across the body. It is affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. The safety and therapeutic efficacy of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property has been demonstrated under in vitro, in vivo examinations and clinical trials phase 1/11 in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients in addition to phase I/11 and 111 in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients.

Angiogenic effects of leptin in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by morphological features indistinguishable from alcoholic hepatitis in individuals who do not consume excess alcohol. The role of leptin in the development of NASH is claimed to be through its inflammatory, fibrogenic and angiogenic effects.

Aim Of The Study: to evaluate the leptin status in patients with NASH with the emphasis on its angiogenic effects and its relation to basic fibroblast growth (BFGF).

Trypanosoma mega (Kinetoplastida) from Bufo viridis in Siwah Oasis, Egypt.

A large pleomorphic trypanosome, identified as Trypanosoma mega, is described from the toad Bufo viridis collected from Siwah Oasis at the Western Desert of Egypt. The prevalence of the trypanosome is 83.3%.

Biochemical studies on bilharzial and nonbilharzial hyperoxaluria: effect of pyridoxine and allopurinol treatment.

The urinary excretion levels of oxalic acid, calcium, kynurenic, and xanthurenic acids and serum pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate concentrations were determined for nonbilharzial and bilharzial hyperoxaluric patients with or without urinary stones. The effects of pyridoxine and allopurinol treatment were also studied. The different groups studied showed elevated levels of urinary oxalic acid, calcium, kynurenic, and xanthurenic acids as well as decreases in serum pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate concentrations.