Diagnostic Value of Microbial Cell-free DNA Sequencing for Suspected Invasive Fungal Infections: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: An early diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal disease (IFD) is associated with improved outcome, but the moderate sensitivity of noninvasive diagnostic tests makes this challenging. Invasive diagnostic procedures such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) have a higher yield but are not without risk. The detection and sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) may facilitate a noninvasive diagnosis.

Comparative clinical manifestations and immune effects of cytomegalovirus infections following distinct types of immunosuppression.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a well-recognised complication of solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, CMV infection also occurs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, previously immunocompetent intensive care unit patients, and individuals on immunosuppressive medications for various underlying diseases.

Objectives: This review describes the comparative effects of CMV infection in distinct types of acquired immunosuppression.

Aerosolised liposomal amphotericin B to prevent aspergillosis in acute myeloid leukaemia: Efficacy and cost effectiveness in real-life.

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia can be complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). In 2008, liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) inhalation was shown to prevent IPA in a placebo-controlled trial. Patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are the subset of haematology patients at high risk for IPA.

Validation of a new Aspergillus real-time PCR assay for direct detection of Aspergillus and azole resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is increasingly reported. Here, we describe the validation of the AsperGenius, a new multiplex real-time PCR assay consisting of two multiplex real-time PCRs, one that identifies the clinically relevant Aspergillus species, and one that detects the TR34, L98H, T289A, and Y121F mutations in CYP51A and differentiates susceptible from resistant A. fumigatus strains.