Clinical efficacy of prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin for elderly DLBCL patients with hypogammaglobulinemia in the COVID-19 pandemic era.

Background: Elderly patients diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) undergoing reduced intensity R-CHOP therapy are at a heightened risk of acquiring infections, notably coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as prophylaxis against COVID-19 in this vulnerable population.

Methods: A total of 125 elderly patients with DLBCL undergoing reduced intensity R-CHOP therapy were analyzed in this prospective, multicenter study.

Validation of the 2022 European LeukemiaNet risk stratification for acute myeloid leukemia.

This study aimed to validate the 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) risk stratification for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A total of 624 newly diagnosed AML patients from 1998 to 2014 were included in the analysis. Genetic profiling was conducted using targeted deep sequencing of 45 genes based on recurrent driver mutations.

Prediction of immunochemotherapy response for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using artificial intelligence digital pathology.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous and prevalent subtype of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma that poses diagnostic and prognostic challenges, particularly in predicting drug responsiveness. In this study, we used digital pathology and deep learning to predict responses to immunochemotherapy in patients with DLBCL. We retrospectively collected 251 slide images from 216 DLBCL patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), with their immunochemotherapy response labels.

Exploring cellular immunotherapy platforms in multiple myeloma.

Despite major advances in therapeutic platforms, most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) eventually relapse and succumb to the disease. Among the novel therapeutic options developed over the past decade, genetically engineered T cells have a great deal of potential. Cellular immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, are rapidly becoming an effective therapeutic modality for MM.

Prognostic analysis according to European LeukemiaNet 2022 risk stratification for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with decitabine.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the revised European LeukemiaNet (ELN)-2022 risk stratification model for 123 elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with decitabine chemotherapy.

Results: Based on the ELN-2022 risk stratification, 15 (12.2%), 51 (41.

Geriatric risk model for older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (GERIAD): a prospective multicenter cohort study.

Background/aims: Optimal risk stratification based on simplified geriatric assessment to predict treatment-related toxicity and survival needs to be clarified in older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study enrolled newly diagnosed patients with DLBCL (≥ 65 yr) between September 2015 and April 2018. A simplified geriatric assessment was performed at baseline using Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL (IADL), and Charlson's Comorbidity Index (CCI).

Ensemble Deep Learning Model to Predict Lymphovascular Invasion in Gastric Cancer.

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is one of the most important prognostic factors in gastric cancer as it indicates a higher likelihood of lymph node metastasis and poorer overall outcome for the patient. Despite its importance, the detection of LVI(+) in histopathology specimens of gastric cancer can be a challenging task for pathologists as invasion can be subtle and difficult to discern. Herein, we propose a deep learning-based LVI(+) detection method using H&E-stained whole-slide images.

Prognostic Significance Of Sequential 18f-fdg Pet/Ct During Frontline Treatment Of Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas.

Background/aims: The prognostic significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are controversial. We explored the prognostic impact of sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT during frontline chemotherapy of patients with PTCLs.

Methods: In total, 143 patients with newly diagnosed PTCLs were included.

Open-labeled, multicenter phase II study of prophylactic administration of pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who received pomalidomide-based regimens (KMM170).

Introduction: Pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been widely used for preventing febrile neutropenia in various types of cancer treatment. In the present study, we prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of pegfilgrastim as a primary prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia and infection among patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) treated with pomalidomide-based regimens.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with RRMM who received pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Pd) with or without cyclophosphamide (PCd) were enrolled in this study.

Clinical characteristics analysis of sinonasal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) was the most common sinonasal lymphoma at our hospital. ENKL occurs at a younger age, and is more prevalent in the nasal cavity. ENKL had a lower Ann Arbor stage, and a better prognosis than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBLC).

The prognostic impact of reduced variant burden in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with decitabine.

Background/aims: We evaluated the role of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based disease monitoring for elderly patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received decitabine therapy.

Methods: A total of 123 patients aged > 65 years with AML who received decitabine were eligible. We analyzed the dynamics of variant allele frequency (VAF) in 49 available follow-up samples after the fourth cycle of decitabine.

Clinical Significance of bZIP In-Frame CEBPA-Mutated Normal Karyotype Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Purpose: We evaluated the characteristics of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPA) mutations and the significance of a basic leucine zipper in-frame mutation (bZIPin-f) of CEBPA in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with a normal karyotype.

Materials And Methods: Based on updated knowledge of CEBPA mutations, we conducted next-generation sequencing analyses in a previously established real-world cohort.

Results: Among 78 of a total of 395 patients (19.

Next-generation sequencing-based analysis to assess the pattern of relapse in patients with Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

In this study, we performed serial monitoring using targeted DNA sequencing to identify genetic alterations in adults with Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-ALL). Deep sequencing was performed by targeting the coding regions of 45 genes with recurrent driver mutations and 1129 single nucleotide polymorphism sites. Of the 43 patients that we examined, at least one case of genetic alterations was detected in 38 (88%) of the 43 patients at diagnosis (somatic mutations in 10 patients [23%] and copy number aberrations [CNA] in 36 patients [84%]).

Expanded natural killer cells potentiate the antimyeloma activity of daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in a myeloma xenograft model.

The development of new treatment agents in recent decades has significantly improved the survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Nonetheless, MM remains an incurable disease; therefore, novel combination therapies are required. Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the safest immunotherapeutic options.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation can overcome the adverse prognosis indicated by secondary-type mutations in de novo acute myeloid leukemia.

Secondary-type mutations (STMs), namely SRSF2, SF3B1, U2AF1, ZRSR2, ASXL1, EZH2, BCOR, and STAG2, are more frequently detected in secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) than in de novo AML. Whether de novo AML with STMs should be differently managed is, however, unclear. In 394 patients diagnosed with de novo AML who had a normal karyotype, the genetic profiling via targeted deep sequencing of 45 genes revealed 59 patients carrying STMs (STM).

Busulfan and thiotepa as a conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: A study of the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMMWP-1801 study).

Background: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Several attempts to improve the efficacy of conditioning regimens have been conducted in MM, but no more effective regimen than conventional high-dose melphalan has been introduced.

Objective: In this study, the efficacy and toxicity of busulfan and thiotepa (BuTT) and those of high-dose melphalan (HD-MEL) were compared retrospectively as a conditioning regimen for ASCT in patients with MM.

Long-term clinical outcomes and predictive factors in patients with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease.

We investigate long-term clinical outcomes and predictive factors associated with poor vision outcomes in patients with ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD). This retrospective cohort study involved 94 patients with chronic oGVHD, classified into severe (n = 25) and non-severe (n = 69) groups. Factors associated with oGVHD severity and poor vision outcomes were examined using multivariate logistic regression.

Novel IL-15 dendritic cells have a potent immunomodulatory effect in immunotherapy of multiple myeloma.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, and have thus been used in clinical cancer vaccines. However, the effects of DC vaccines are still limited, leading researchers to explore novel ways to make them effective. In this study, we investigated whether human monocyte-derived DCs generated via the addition of interleukin 15 (IL-15) had a higher capacity to induce antigen-specific T cells compared to conventional DCs.

Real-world evidence of levofloxacin prophylaxis in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who received bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone regimen.

Background: Although survival outcomes of multiple myeloma (MM) have improved with the development of new and effective agents, infection remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of levofloxacin prophylaxis (in a real-world setting) during bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone (VMP) therapy in elderly patients with newly diagnosed MM.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with newly diagnosed MM treated with the VMP regimen between February 2011 and September 2020 at three institutes of the Republic of Korea.

Venetoclax with Azacitidine Induced Tumor Lysis Syndrome in an Elderly Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report.

Combination treatment with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and venetoclax is being used increasingly in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Venetoclax with HMAs has been reported to be associated with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in AML patients with high leukemic burden. We present a case of an elderly AML patient with low leukemic burden who developed TLS while receiving venetoclax and azacitidine (AZA).

Diagnostic Accuracy and Prognostic Relevance of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Rearrangement and 18F-FDG-PET/CT Compared With Unilateral Bone Marrow Trephination for Detecting Bone Marrow Involvement in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), bone marrow involvement (BMI) has an important clinical implication as a component of staging and International Prognostic Index. This study aimed to determine whether molecular analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) could overcome the limitation of defining morphologic BMI by trephination biopsy and could increase the diagnostic accuracy or prognostic prediction.

Methods: A total of 94 de novo patients with DLBCL underwent PET/CT, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for detection of IgH gene rearrangement, and unilateral bone marrow (BM) trephination at diagnosis.

Favorable Long-Term Outcomes with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for High-Risk Multiple Myeloma Patients with a Positive Result On F-FDG PET/CT at Baseline.

Background: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) is a useful tool for identifying high-risk features in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). This study evaluated the role of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients presenting with positive results on PET/CT scans.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 210 patients who underwent PET/CT at diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed.

Expansion of cytotoxic natural killer cells in multiple myeloma patients using K562 cells expressing OX40 ligand and membrane-bound IL-18 and IL-21.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy is a promising treatment approach for multiple myeloma (MM), but obtaining a sufficient number of activated NK cells remains challenging. Here, we report an improved method to generate ex vivo expanded NK (eNK) cells from MM patients based on genetic engineering of K562 cells to express OX40 ligand and membrane-bound (mb) IL-18 and IL-21.

Methods: K562-OX40L-mbIL-18/-21 cells were generated by transducing K562-OX40L cells with a lentiviral vector encoding mbIL-18 and mbIL-21, and these were used as feeder cells to expand NK cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors (HDs) and MM patients in the presence of IL-2/IL-15.