Prediction of PSA Response after Dexamethasone Switch during Abiraterone Acetate + Prednisolone Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients.

Background: The aim was to elaborate a predictive model to find responders for the corticosteroid switch (from prednisolone to dexamethasone) at the first prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression (≥25% increase) during abiraterone acetate (AA) treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients.

Methods: If PSA has decreased (≥25%) after switch, patients were considered responders. Logistic regression of 19 dichotomized parameters from routine laboratory and patients' history was used to find the best model in a cohort of 67 patients.

A new method to quantify the effect of co-medication on the efficacy of abiraterone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone acetate (AA) have co-morbidities treated with different drugs. The aim was to quantify the potential effect of co-medications on AA treatment duration (TD) and overall survival (OS). A new parameter, called "individual drug score" (IDS) was calculated by summing the "drug score"-s (DS) of all co-medications for each patient.

[Fertility preservation in testicular cancer patients].

Germ cell tumors of the testicle account for 1% of all tumors. Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy in men aged 15-35 years. Patients with TC have an excellent survival rate but often have not yet attempted to father children, and fertility is one of the main concerns of survivors, therefore it is important to preserve it.

Predictive Markers of First Line Pazopanib Treatment in Kidney Cancer.

Real-world evidence from clinical practices is fundamental for understanding the efficacy and tolerability of medicinal products. Patients with renal cell cancer were studied to gain data not represented by analyses conducted on highly selected patients participating in clinical trials. Our goal was to retrospectively collect data from patients with advanced renal tumours treated with pazopanib (PZ) to investigate the efficacy, frequency of side effects, and searching for predictive markers.

Sunitinib Rechallenge After Other Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study.

Background: Sunitinib is still one of the standard therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Despite the benefit of sunitinib resistance will develop in the majority of patients. Most of them receive multiple sequential therapies during the course of disease.

ERG expression can predict the outcome of docetaxel combinedwith androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitiveprostate cancer.

Background: Our study aimed to analyze the potential association between clinical parameters and ERG expression and the outcome of docetaxel chemotherapy among patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-five patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer were treated with docetaxel in addition to androgen deprivation therapy. Patient characteristics, clinical factors, and tumor expression of ERG by immunohistochemistry were analyzed with respect to therapeutic response and survival data.

Abiraterone acetate + prednisolone treatment beyond prostate specific antigen and radiographic progression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

Objectives: To investigate the overall survival (OS) of chemotherapy refractory patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who were treated with abiraterone acetate + prednisolone (AA + P) beyond prostate specific antigen (PSA) and radiographic progression (PRP) until clinical progression in comparison to patients treated until PRP.

Methods: At our institute the AA + P treatment started in 2011 in an early-access protocol trial. In October 2012 AA became generally available.

Outcome of Restarted Sunitinib Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Retrospective Trial and Combined Case Reports from Literature.

In practice it is still not clear whether a drug holiday in sunitinib (Su) treatment can be safety, without impairing the overall outcome of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The aim was to retrospectively evaluate the outcome in patients who restarted Su after an interruption of ≥3 months and a combined analysis of case studies from literature. From 556 patients treated between January 2006 and March 2016 a group of 38 patients were selected whose treatment was interrupted for other reasons than disease progression.

[The role of steroids in oncological practice].

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced and disengage in the adrenal cortex. Traditionally natural and synthetic corticosteroids are used for diagnosing and treating dysfunctions of the adrenal cortex and treating inflammatory and immunological diseases. Their use is also widespread in oncological practice.

[Androgen receptor-mediated processes in castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer].

In the past six years, five new drugs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. While the disease itself still remains incurable, the sequential use of these drugs can significantly prolong survival while maintaining good quality of life. Research from the past decade made it clear that androgen receptor-mediated processes play a central part in the progression of the disease.

A Retrospective Analysis of the First 41 mCRPC Patients with Bone Pain Treated with Radium-223 at the National Institute of Oncology in Hungary.

Radium-223 dichloride is an alpha-emitting radiopharmaceutical which significantly prolongs overall survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and symptomatic bone metastases. This was a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of Radium-223 in the first 41 patients treated at a single center in Hungary. Radium-223 was given at a dose of 50 kBq/kg intravenously every 4 weeks for up to 6 cycles.

[Immunotherapy in the treatment of genitourinary cancers].

In this clinical review we provide information regarding advance and main achievements in the immunotherapy of genitourinary, particularly renal cell and prostate cancer. Nivolumab treatment became the new standard of care in locally advanced or metastatic renal cell cancer after failure on tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Sipuleucel-T prolonged survival in patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer but had no effect on progression-free survival.

Synergistic Survival: A New Phenomenon Connected to Adverse Events of First-Line Sunitinib Treatment in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: The aim was to assess the relationship between treatment efficacy and adverse events (AEs) for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line sunitinib.

Patients And Methods: 274 patients were treated with sunitinib (50 mg/d, 4-weeks-on and 2-weeks-off schedule). Physical and laboratory evaluations were done every sixth week.

[Role of targeted therapy in the treatment of squamous cell head and neck cancer].

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in head and neck cancer (HNC). Since EGFR has a large extracellular ligand binding as well as an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, anti-EGFR therapy may involve anti-ligand binding domain antibody- or tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies. Phase II-III studies confirmed the efficacy of anti-EGFR antibody therapy in case of squamous cell HNC.

Influence of thymidylate synthase gene polymorphisms on the survival of colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil.

The present study aimed to prospectively investigate the influence of thymidylate synthase (TS) polymorphisms (5'-TSER, 3'-TSUTR) on the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who were treated with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy. Patients were followed up for 19+/-14 months (median+/-SD). TS genotypes were determined from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 166 patients by polymerase chain reaction-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods.

[The clinical importance of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in the 5-fluoropyrimidine-based therapy of metastatic colorectal tumours].

The authors investigated the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in 101 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluoropyrimidine-based therapy and in 196 healthy individuals by PCR-RFLP method. There was no significant difference in genotype distribution of patients and healthy controls, and between subgroups investigated according to clinical parameters (age, gender, tumor location, grade and treatment type). However, after a 3-30 (median 18.

Pharmacokinetics of panomifene in healthy volunteers at phase I/a study.

Panomifene (PAN) /E/-1,2,-diphenyl-1-[4-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-ethoxy]-phenyl]-3, 3,3-trifluoropropene is a new original Hungarian compound and is a tamoxifen (TMX) analog. In the phase I/a study presented here the human tolerance, pharmacokinetics and endocrine effects of a single oral dose of panomifene were evaluated in healthy, post-menopausal, female volunteers. As to the dose escalation, pharmacokinetic studies were carried out at doses of 24, 48 and 96 mg in two volunteers, and 120 mg in one volunteer.

Therapeutic activity of CPT-11, a DNA-topoisomerase I inhibitor, against peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour and neuroblastoma xenografts.

The anti-tumour activity of CPT-11, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, was evaluated in four human neural-crest-derived paediatric tumour xenografts; one peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (pPNET) (SK-N-MC) and three neuroblastomas. Two models, SK-N-MC and IGR-N835, were established in athymic mice from a previously established in vitro cell line. Two new neuroblastoma xenograft models, IGR-NB3 and IGR-NB8, were derived from previously untreated non-metastatic neuroblastomas.

[Endocrine effect of a new anti-estrogen compound (EGIS-5650, panomifene) in healthy volunteers: phase I/a study].

Influence of a new Hungarian antiestrogen, panomifene (PAN) was investigated on some hormone levels of 10 postmenopausal healthy women during a partially double-blind placebo controlled phase I/a study. Following a single oral administration of PAN serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PROL) levels were measured by RIA at two selected dose levels: 12 mg and 120 mg. The low dose (12 mg) results in an increased E2 level in some cases probably due to the intrinsic estrogenic (agonistic) character of the drug.

Influence of uridine treatment in mice on the protection of gastrointestinal toxicity caused by 5-fluorouracil.

C57B1/6 male normal mice were treated with 5-FU (200 mg/kg i.p.) alone or in combination with a bolus injection of uridine (2 x 3500 mg/kg i.

Combination of daily 4-h infusion of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma: a South-East European Oncology Group study.

Between April 1986 and May 1989 a multicentre study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a 4-h intravenous infusion of 1000 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) followed by a 1-h infusion of 25 mg/m2 cisplatin (CDDP) given for 4 consecutive days every 4 weeks to patients with advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. A total of 189 consecutive patients entered the study, including 106 who had previously undergone chemotherapy and 83 who were chemotherapy-naive. Of the 165 evaluable patients, 96 (58%) responded to treatment, including 22 (13%) who achieved a complete remission (CR).

Biochemical modification of the toxicity and the anti-tumour effect of 5-fluorouracil and cis-platinum by WR-2721 in mice.

WR-2721 (ethiofos) was tested on Balb/c mice for its chemoprotective capacity against 5-fluorouracil (5FU) monotherapy. In this combination WR-2721 was not active, but WR-2721 pretreatment allowed an elevation of the cisplatin (CDDP) dose in 5FU/CDDP combination therapy in these mice. Thrombocytopenia caused by the 5FU/CDDP (100 and 7 mg/kg, respectively) therapy was prevented by WR-2721 (200 mg/kg) and a partial protection against leukopenia was observed in C57Bl/6 mice.

Protection by WR-2721 of the toxicity induced by the combination of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil.

We evaluated the effects of WR-2721 and its metabolite WR-1065 on in vitro growth inhibition by 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) and the effect of WR-2721 on in vivo toxicity and antitumor effect of 5FU and CDDP. In cell culture both WR-2721 and WR-1065 were not able to reverse growth inhibition caused by either 5FU or CDDP. Administration of WR-2721 i.

Phase I-II trial of aclacinomycin A given in a four-consecutive-day schedule to patients with solid tumours. A South-East European Oncology Group (SEEOG) Study.

Aclacinomycin A (ACM) in a daily dose of 30 mg/m2 was infused over 1 h on 4 consecutive days to 50 patients. Myelotoxicity was acceptable, nausea and vomiting was frequent, hair loss was mild. Grade 1-2 cardiac rhythm abnormalities were observed in 12% of the patients.