Influence of urinary sodium on calcium excretion in normal individuals. A redefinition of hypercalciuria.

The twenty-four hour urinary excretion of calcium and sodium was measured in 38 normal volunteers after a week on a diet containing 400 mg of calcium per day. There was a significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between calcium and sodium excretion.

Metronidazole pharmacokinetics in patients with acute renal failure.

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of intravenous metronidazole were studied in six patients with acute renal failure. In two of the patients a single dose (500 mg) of metronidazole was administered, whereas in four patients the steady-state pharmacokinetics were studied after four days therapy of 500 mg twice daily. Plasma concentrations of metronidazole and its hydroxy and acetic acid metabolites were measured by a specific and sensitive HPLC method.

Elimination of amphotericin B in impaired renal function.

The influence of impaired renal function on the steady-state plasma clearance of amphotericin B was determined in seven patients with creatinine clearances ranging from zero to normal. Contrary to previous reports, steady-state plasma concentrations of total drug were lower in uremic patients than in patients with normal renal function. Total plasma clearance of amphotericin B ranged from 16.

Disposition and removal of metronidazole in patients undergoing haemodialysis.

The pharmacokinetics and haemodialysis clearance of metronidazole were investigated in four renal failure patients after a single 500 mg intravenous dose and in two renal failure patients on continuous treatment with metronidazole. During dialysis, the volume of distribution of metronidazole was 0.60 +/- 0.

Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, plasmapheresis and forced diuresis for the treatment of quinine overdose.

Peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, plasma exchange and forced diuresis have been reported to accelerate removal of quinine following quinine poisoning. All these modalities were used simultaneously to treat a 19 year old youth who had become blind as a result of an overdose of quinine tablets. The serum quinine level was measured at 10.