Background: The global economic burden of (DM) is expected to reach US$ 745 billion in 2030. The growing prevalence of the disease, mainly type 2 diabetes, is the result of population aging, nutritional transition, which include growing rates of obesity and consumption of foods high in sugar and fat. Brazil is the fourth country in the number of patients with diabetes globally and follows the global trends, with a continuous increase in prevalence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate tendencies in the planning, diagnosis, and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by Brazilian hand surgery specialists.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at the 36th Brazilian Hand Surgery Congress. We prepared a questionnaire about preferences in the management of CTS, and board-certified hand surgeons that attended the congress were asked to fill out the questionnaires.
A series of isoniazid derivatives bearing a phenolic or heteroaromatic coupled frame were obtained by mechanochemical means. Their pH stability and their structural (conformer/isomer) analysis were checked. The activity of prepared derivatives against cell growth was evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForest management could potentially affect organisms in all forest habitats. However, aquatic communities in water-filled tree-holes may be especially sensitive because of small population sizes, the risk of drought and potential dispersal limitation. We set up artificial tree holes in forest stands subject to different management intensities in two regions in Germany and assessed the influence of local environmental properties (tree-hole opening type, tree diameter, water volume and water temperature) as well as regional drivers (forest management intensity, tree-hole density) on tree-hole insect communities (not considering other organisms such as nematodes or rotifers), detritus content, oxygen and nutrient concentrations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the present paper, we report the synthesis via catalytic Michael reaction and biological results of a series of 3-heteryl substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives as moderate inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv growth. Some of them present also inhibition activities against InhA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe synthesis of C-7/C-7-linked ciprofloxacin (CP) and C-6/C-6-linked levofloxacin (LV) derivatives with modulated lipophilicity is described herein. The synthesized compounds, along with the monomeric analogs described previously, were evaluated in vitro for (i) their growth inhibitory effect against five human cancer cell lines, (ii) their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus hirae and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and (iii) their antimycobacterial activity. The most efficient derivatives as antiproliferative agents (C-7/C-7-linked CP 7e and C-6/C-6-linked LV 11f) displayed IC(50) values in the 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA convenient route for the synthesis of some acyloxymethyl esters and carboxamides of levofloxacin (LV) with modulated lipophilicity is described. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their growth inhibitory effect in five human cancer cell lines. The most efficient LV derivatives (ester 2e and amide 4d) displayed IC(50) values in the 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCiprofloxacin (CP), an antibiotic has been shown to have antiproliferative and apoptotic activities in several cancer cell lines. Moreover, several reports have highlighted the interest of increasing the lipophilicity to improve the antitumor efficacy. These studies have led us to synthesize new CP derivatives of various lipophilicities and to evaluate their activity in five human cancer cell lines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), the most serious complication causing retinal detachment surgery to fail, is one of the leading causes of vision-loss in developed countries. The pharmaceutical treatment of this disease, located in the posterior segment of the eye, is problematic because it is difficult to achieve effective drug levels in the vitreous and the retina through conventional forms of administration (topical or systemic). Intravitreal injections can deliver drugs to the retina without the side-effects associated with systemic administration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVarious alkylcarbonyloxymethyl esters of nalidixic acid ranging from 3 to 15 carbon units in the pro-moiety have been prepared and assessed as potential prodrugs. Their chromatographic retention factors k', silicone oil solubilities and in vitro conversion to nalidixic acid by a commercial esterase were determined together with their in vitro antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. The preliminary results suggest that silicone oil may have potential for the intra-ocular delivery of antibacterial compounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo series of amphiphilic derivatives of lactose have been synthesized. Tensiometric investigations of the critical micellar concentration (CMC) and the area per molecule at interface (calculated by the Gibbs equation) of aqueous solutions were performed. The values measured depend on the number of methylene groups of the alkyl spacer n and that of the side chain m as well as on the ionic strength and temperature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynthetic glycolipids are of interest for their biological applications requiring interactions with membrane proteins. Depending on their structures, new series of glycolipids have applications in extraction of membrane proteins or medical applications as mimics of natural ligands of proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present study deals with 15 cases of choroid plexus papilloma, out of approximately 500 cases of brain tumors observed in children up to 16 years old. Several features are considered, including clinical symptoms and signs--mostly related to increased intracranial pressure--radiological diagnosis, pathology and surgical treatment, and results. Surgery may be radical in most cases, with the exception of histologically malignant papillomas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom 1976 to 1986, 681 patients with drug-refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN)--typical in 641, symptomatic of multiple sclerosis in 23 and of tumor in 10, atypical in 5, and postherpetic in 2--were treated with various percutaneous procedures. Controlled differential thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion and/or retrogasserian rootlets was performed in 533 patients; glycerolization of the trigeminal cistern in 32; and compression of the gasserian ganglion by balloon catheter in 159. Results and complications of each procedure are assessed at a mean follow-up of 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe authors report 14 cases of multiple intracranial meningiomas representing 1.1% of all meningiomas operated on at their hospital in the past 35 years. Differentiation of multiple meningiomas, especially from meningiomatosis, must be strict.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe authors report their experience and long-term results in the surgical treatment of 61 tentorial meningiomas. These cases were operated on between 1951 and 1985 and represented 4.8% of all intracranial meningiomas operated on in that period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOverall results of management in patients admitted to the 8 Italian centers participating in the International Cooperative Study on Timing of Aneurysm Surgery were rather unsatisfactory, with good recovery in only 42% of patients, and death in 45% of patients. As compared to the other centers included in the Study, Italian centers exhibited a significantly lower recovery rate and a significantly higher mortality rate. There were significant differences also between the individual Italian centers; independently of admission neurological status and timing of surgery, the outcome was better in centers 2 and 6 (a mortality rate under 20%) and worse in centers 1 and 8 (a mortality rate around 60%).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe 8 Italian centers participating in the International Cooperative Study on Timing of Aneurysm Surgery operated upon 68% of their patients eligible for the study. This low operative rate is mainly explained by the prevailing use of a delayed surgical policy. Only 28% of cases were operated on within 3 days of hemorrhage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe International Cooperative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery included 68 participating centers from 16 different countries. Eight Italian neurosurgical units participated in the Study: Bellaria Hospital, Bologna; Neurological Institute of Milan, Milan; University Hospital, Brescia; University of Milan, Milan; University of Padova, Padova; University of Rome, Rome; Civil Hospital, Verona; and Civil Hospital, Vicenza. The overall case contribution from the Italian centers was 485 cases, 14.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of malignant glioma-bearing patients were stimulated in vitro with a glucomannan-protein antigen of Candida albicans (GMP) or Interleukin-2 (IL-2), then assayed for proliferation and production of Interferon gamma. PBMC of healthy, age and sex matched subjects were the controls. PBMC from glioma-bearing patients did not differ, as a whole, from PBMC of healthy donors in IL-2 or GMP-induced proliferation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochirurgia (Stuttg)
November 1987
Among our patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms 149 were managed pre-operatively with a combination of tranexamic acid (AMCA), 3 gm daily, and aprotinin at an average of 400,000 KIU (Kallikrein inactivating units) daily. Antifibrinolytics were started within three days of the last haemorrhage, and continued for at least six days. The first 91 cases, managed in the years 1971 to 1980, have been evaluated retrospectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo assess the function of the three trigeminal divisions, we studied corneal reflex, early and late blink reflexes, early and late masseter silent periods, and jaw jerk in normal subjects and in 35 patients submitted to surgery for trigeminal neuralgia. The corneal reflex was most sensitive to thermocoagulation and the jaw jerk to microcompression; the other reflexes showed an intermediate behavior, depending on afferent fiber size. Trigeminal function was less impaired after microcompression and recovered earlier than after thermocoagulation.
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