Regulation of Rhizobial Nodulation Genes by Flavonoid-Independent NodD Supports Nitrogen-Fixing Symbioses With Legumes.

Rhizobia and legumes form a symbiotic relationship resulting in the formation of root structures known as nodules, where bacteria fix nitrogen. Legumes release flavonoids that are detected by the rhizobial nodulation (Nod) protein NodD, initiating the transcriptional activation of nod genes and subsequent synthesis of Nod Factors (NFs). NFs then induce various legume responses essential for this symbiosis.

Circulating neuropeptide Y dynamics and performance during exercise in heart failure patients with contemporary medical and device therapy.

High cardiac sympathetic drive and release of the sympathetic cotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) are significant features of congestive heart failure (CHF), in which resting venous NPY levels are known to be associated with mortality. However, whether circulating NPY levels increase during exercise in CHF when they are already elevated is controversial. We sought to establish the dynamics of circulating NPY levels in CHF patients treated with contemporary medical therapy and devices in relationship to indices of performance linked to long-term prognosis.

Adaptive Just-in-Time Intervention to Reduce Everyday Stress Responses: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Personalized approaches to behavior change to improve mental and physical health outcomes are needed. Reducing the intensity, duration, and frequency of stress responses is a mechanism for interventions to improve health behaviors. We developed an ambulatory, dynamic stress measurement approach that can identify personalized stress responses in the moments and contexts in which they occur; we propose that intervening in these stress responses as they arise (ie, just in time; JIT) will result in positive impacts on health behaviors.

G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 regulation of signaling downstream of protein kinase Cε mediates sex dimorphism in hyaluronan-induced antihyperalgesia.

High molecular weight hyaluronan (HMWH) inhibits hyperalgesia induced by diverse pronociceptive inflammatory mediators and their second messengers, in rats of both sexes. However, the hyperalgesia induced by ligands at 3 pattern recognition receptors, lipopolysaccharide (a toll-like receptor 4 agonist), lipoteichoic acid (a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist), and nigericin (a NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 activator), and oxaliplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy are only attenuated in males. After gonadectomy or intrathecal administration of an antisense to G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPER) mRNA, HMWH produces antihyperalgesia in females.

A Stepwise Reaction Achieves Ultrasmall AgZnSnS Nanocrystals.

Pirquitasite AgZnSnS (AZTS) nanocrystals (NCs) are emergent, lead-free emissive materials in the coinage chalcogenide family with applications in optoelectronic technologies. Like many multinary nanomaterials, their phase-pure synthesis is complicated by the generation of impurities, e.g.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis mimicking multisystem pyoderma gangrenosum: A case report.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a type of small-medium vessel vasculitis, can pose diagnostic challenges due to its diverse clinical manifestations. We present a case that mimicked multisystem pyoderma gangrenosum with cutaneous ulceration, renal sparing, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody negativity. Although antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody is positive in approximately 90% of cases of granulomatosis with polyangiitis, its negativity should not exclude the diagnosis.

Personalised antimicrobial susceptibility testing with clinical prediction modelling informs appropriate antibiotic use.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is a key weapon against antimicrobial resistance. Diagnostic microbiology laboratories use one-size-fits-all testing approaches that are often imprecise, inefficient, and inequitable. Here, we report a personalised approach that adapts laboratory testing for urinary tract infection to maximise the number of appropriate treatment options for each patient.

Transcranial direct current stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review and CONSORT evaluation.

Methods: This systematic review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023426005) and the data collected in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of reporting of included studies was evaluated in accordance with the CONSORT statement.

Results: Eleven randomized controlled trials were identified.

WILLINGNESS TO ENROL AND PAY FOR A CONTRIBUTORY HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME AND ITS DETERMINANTS: A SURVEY OF RURAL AND URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA.

Introduction/background: Health insurance schemes make healthcare more accessible and affordable, and are essential for protecting individuals and families from the financial risks associated with medical expenses.

Objectives: This study assessed the willingness to enrol and pay for a contributory health insurance scheme and its determinants among rural and urban households in Rivers State.

Methods: Cross-sectional study, with multistage sampling to survey 1196 households across 9 Local Government Areas, 3 from each Senatorial district.

Biodiversity impacts of the 2019-2020 Australian megafires.

With large wildfires becoming more frequent, we must rapidly learn how megafires impact biodiversity to prioritize mitigation and improve policy. A key challenge is to discover how interactions among fire-regime components, drought and land tenure shape wildfire impacts. The globally unprecedented 2019-2020 Australian megafires burnt more than 10 million hectares, prompting major investment in biodiversity monitoring.

Celiac disease care differs significantly between high- and low-middle-income countries: a global survey of celiac experts from 63 countries.

Background And Aim: Celiac disease (CeD) is increasingly diagnosed but significant disparities exist in awareness, practices, resources, and legislation worldwide. We conducted a global online survey with CeD experts to assess this disparity internationally.

Methods: A 55 questions survey encompassing nine domains relevant to CeD care (awareness, gluten-free [GF] foods availability/cost/quality, GF labeling, CeD dietician availability, insurance for CeD patients, medical training, research funding, patient support groups, and unmet needs) was generated and sent to CeD experts worldwide electronically.

Internal evaluation of medical programs is more than housework: A scoping review.

Purpose: The aim of this scoping review was to explore current program evaluation practices across various medical schools.

Methods: We conducted searches in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier) and ERIC (ed.gov) for original research and review articles related to medical education evaluation with key words evaluation, program, medical education, pre-registration, framework, curriculum, outcomes, evaluation, quality.

Implementing a Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury Prevention Bundle in Critical Care.

The emerging field of implementation science (IS) facilitates the sustainment of evidence-based practice in clinical care. This article, the third in a series on applying IS, describes how a nurse-led team at a multisite health system used IS concepts, methods, and tools to implement a hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) prevention bundle on six critical care units, with the aim of decreasing HAPI incidence.

The Potential of Disease Progression Modeling to Advance Clinical Development and Decision Making.

While some model-informed drug development frameworks are well recognized as enabling clinical trials, the value of disease progression modeling (DPM) in impacting medical product development has yet to be fully realized. The Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative assembled a diverse project team from across the patient, academic, regulatory, and industry sectors of practice to advance the use of DPM for decision making in clinical trials and medical product development. This team conducted a scoping review to explore current applications of DPM and convened a multi-stakeholder expert meeting to discuss its value in medical product development.

Food Avoidance beyond the Gluten-Free Diet and the Association with Quality of Life and Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in Adults with Celiac Disease.

Background: The only treatment for Celiac Disease (CeD), which affects about 1% of the population, is a gluten-free diet (GFD). Studies have indicated an association between the GFD, a diminished quality of life (QOL), and maladaptive eating patterns. This study aims to explore food avoidance behaviors in adults with CeD.

The Nociceptor Primary Cilium Contributes to Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold and Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain.

The primary cilium, a single microtubule-based organelle protruding from the cell surface and critical for neural development, also functions in adult neurons. While some dorsal root ganglion neurons elaborate a primary cilium, whether it is expressed by and functional in nociceptors is unknown. Recent studies have shown the role of Hedgehog, whose canonical signaling is primary cilium dependent, in nociceptor sensitization.

Dietary Adherence to Recommendations among a Cohort of Adults and Teens with Celiac Disease Maintaining a Gluten-Free Diet Compared to a Nationally Representative Sample: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Celiac disease (CeD) is a common autoimmune condition, with a prevalence of ~1%. Currently, a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment option. Due to fortification rules excluding gluten-free products in the United States of America (U.

Bayesian Calibration to Address the Challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emerges when disease-causing microorganisms develop the ability to withstand the effects of antimicrobial therapy. This phenomenon is often fueled by the human-to-human transmission of pathogens and the overuse of antibiotics. Over the past 50 years, increased computational power has facilitated the application of Bayesian inference algorithms.

Prevalence of malignant neoplasms in celiac disease patients - a nationwide United States population-based study.

Background: Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the immune response to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Recent research has unveiled a heightened risk of developing specific malignant neoplasms (MN) and various malignancies, including gastrointestinal, lymphomas, skin, and others, in individuals with CeD.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of MN in hospitalized CeD patients in the United States.