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Participatory health research is developing rapidly. Certain issues make the involvement of people with experiential knowledge in research both more complex and more necessary. This is the case for people who use drugs, whose knowledge rendered invisible by the illegality of drug use and the multiple ensuing forms of domination and stigmatization.

Femtosecond Laser Engraving of Deep Patterns in Steel and Sapphire.

Femtosecond laser engraving offers appealing advantages compared to regular laser engraving such as higher precision and versatility. In particular, the inscription of deep patterns exhibits an increasing interest in industry. In this work, an optimization protocol based on constraining overlap ratio and scan number is demonstrated.

2D reproduction of the face on the Turin Shroud by infrared femtosecond pulse laser processing.

Femtosecond pulse laser processing concentrates a huge quantity of light energy in extremely short pulses of a few tens to hundreds of femtoseconds, enabling superficial laser machining or marking of any kind of materials, with a reduced or insignificant heat affected area. A digitized paper printed image of the face on the Turin Shroud was used to monitor a scan head intercalated between a femtosecond pulsed laser source and a linen fabric sample, enabling the direct 2D reproduction of the image of the face with a laser beam size corresponding to one pixel of the digitized image. The contrast in the marked image was controlled by adjusting the energy density, the number of superimposed pulses per pixel, and the distance between successive impacts.

Impact of ventilation strategies during chest compression. An experimental study with clinical observations.

The optimal ventilation strategy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is unknown. Chest compression (CC) generates circulation, while during decompression, thoracic recoil generates negative pressure and venous return. Continuous flow insufflation of oxygen (CFI) allows noninterrupted CC and generates positive airway pressure (Paw).

Femtosecond laser nano/micro patterning of titanium influences mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and commitment.

Surface improvement of implants is essential for achieving a fast osseo-integration. Technically, the creation of a precise pattern on a titanium alloy surface is challenging. Here, the femtosecond laser was chosen as an innovative technology for texturing with accuracy a nano-micro topography.

Electrochemical boron-doped diamond film microcells micromachined with femtosecond laser: application to the determination of water framework directive metals.

Planar electrochemical microcells were micromachined in a microcrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin layer using a femtosecond laser. The electrochemical performances of the new laser-machined BDD microcell were assessed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) determinations, at the nanomolar level, of the four heavy metal ions of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD): Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Hg(II). The results are compared with those of previously published BDD electrodes.

On coding non-contiguous letter combinations.

Starting from the hypothesis that printed word identification initially involves the parallel mapping of visual features onto location-specific letter identities, we analyze the type of information that would be involved in optimally mapping this location-specific orthographic code onto a location-invariant lexical code. We assume that some intermediate level of coding exists between individual letters and whole words, and that this involves the representation of letter combinations. We then investigate the nature of this intermediate level of coding given the constraints of optimality.

Pure-tone auditory thresholds are decreased in depressed people with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background: Depression has been related to sensory modulation and notably to auditory modifications such as alterations in auditory event-related potentials, abnormal patterns of auditory habituation, increased activation of primary and secondary auditory cortex, and higher bilateral auditory thresholds. However, few experiments have considered the exploration of the auditory system in depression. The aim of the experiment is to further explore auditory thresholds across a higher number of frequencies than has previously been undertaken in depressed subjects, to determine whether thresholds are modified as compared to controls, and if so, at which frequencies.

Respiratory physiotherapy to prevent pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery: a systematic review.

Objectives: To examine the efficacy of respiratory physiotherapy for prevention of pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery.

Methods: We searched in databases and bibliographies for articles in all languages through November 2005. Randomized trials were included if they investigated prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy and pulmonary outcomes, and if the follow-up was at least 2 days.

Letter position information and printed word perception: the relative-position priming constraint.

Six experiments apply the masked priming paradigm to investigate how letter position information is computed during printed word perception. Primes formed by a subset of the target's letters facilitated target recognition as long as the relative position of letters was respected across prime and target (e.g.

Factors associated with failure of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the emergency department.

Objectives: To determine the factors associated with failure of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in patients presenting with acute respiratory failure to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed patients admitted to the ED for acute respiratory failure (defined as a PaCO2 level >45 mm Hg, and pH < or = 7.35 or a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 250 mm Hg) and who were treated with NPPV.

Continuous positive airway pressure versus noninvasive pressure support ventilation to treat atelectasis after cardiac surgery.

Atelectasis is common after cardiac surgery and may result in impaired gas exchange. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is often used to prevent or treat postoperative atelectasis. We hypothesized that noninvasive pressure support ventilation (NIPSV) by increasing tidal volume could improve the evolution of atelectasis more than CPAP.

Study of the potential reversal of triazolam memory and cognitive deficits by RU 41 656 in healthy subjects.

The potential antagonism of a single oral dose of RU 41 656 (10 mg) on the memory and attention disturbances induced by oral administration of triazolam (0.25 mg) have been investigated in a 3-period, placebo controlled, double blind, cross-over study involving 12 healthy young volunteers. The effects of the compounds were evaluated by objective tests (Buschke selective reminding test, CFF, simple reaction time, tapping, arithmetical calculation) and subjective measurements (visual analogue scale, side effects questionnaire).

RU 41,656 does not reverse the scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit in healthy volunteers.

The potential antagonism of a single oral dose of RU 41,656 10 mg on the memory and attention disturbances induced by scopolamine 0.6 mg s.c.

[Q fever infectious endocarditis. Apropos of a new case].

We report a case of Coxiella burnetii endocarditis in a 42-year old man presenting with a long-known cardiac murmur and an infectious syndrome of several months duration. The aetiological diagnosis, delayed by the lack of knowledge of a primary Q fever, was established by serology. The infection responded to tetracycline combined with cotrimoxazole, but a valve replacement performed for haemodynamic reasons was followed by serious complications.

Safety and tolerance of single oral doses of trandolapril (RU 44.570), a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.

The safety and tolerance of single oral doses of a new angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, trandolapril have been examined in 90 healthy male volunteers, in a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled study. The subjects were divided into 10 groups, each of 9 subjects and treatments (6 subjects on trandolapril and 3 on placebo per group) were allocated by unbalanced randomisation. Ten single, increasing oral doses were tested: 0.

[Multiple proximal coronaro-pulmonary fistulae. Review of the literature apropos of a new case].

The authors report a new case of multiple proximal coronaro-pulmonary fistula between right coronary arteries, anterior interventricular artery and the trunk of the pulmonary artery, in a 64 year-old female patient with chest pain and a continuous murmur located in the third left intercostal space. The coronary steal is demonstrated by a myocardial scintigraphy during stress with return to normal after surgical ligation. A review of the literature enabled to find 33 cases of this major congenital anomaly of the coronary arteries, defined as an abnormal communication between at least two main coronary vessels and the trunk of the pulmonary artery.

Acute effects of amitriptyline on human performance and interactions with diazepam.

The effects of psychomotor performance and attention of amitriptyline 75 mg administered without and with diazepam 10 mg have been investigated in 12 healthy subjects. The effects of the compounds were evaluated by objective tests (measurement of body sway, critical flicker fusion, visual reaction time, tachistoscopy, short term visual memory, tapping test, arithmetical calculation and Clement's code) and subjective measurements (visual analogue scales and side effects questionnaire). Measurements were taken before treatment and after 1, 3, 6, 8 and 24 h.

[Right coronary artery issuing from the pulmonary artery: review of the literature apropos of a case].

A new case of right coronary artery abnormally issued from the pulmonary trunk is reported. The patient was an asymptomatic young man in whom a continuous cardiac murmur was discovered by chance and an angiographic examination disclosed the coronary abnormality. A review of the literature yielded 37 cases of this anomalous origin which was either isolated, as in the case reported here, or associated with another congenital or acquired cardiopathy.

[Cardiobacterium hominis on a aortic valve prosthesis].

A new case of late bacterial endocarditis caused by Cardiobacterium hominis is reported. The infection developed on an aortic valve prosthesis and responded favourably to medical treatment. The main characteristics of the micro-organism and of the oslerian graft are reviewed in the light of published data.