The relationship between nutrition, gut dysbiosis, and pediatric sickle cell pain outcomes: A pilot study.

Background: Nutritional deficiencies are prevalent in sickle cell disease (SCD) and may be associated with worse pain outcomes. Gut dysbiosis has been reported in patients with SCD and may contribute to both nutritional deficiencies and pain.

Objectives: We tested the association of nutrition, fat-soluble vitamin (FSV) deficiency, and gut microbiome composition on clinical outcomes in SCD.

Maternal anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after natural disasters: a systematic review.

Objective: To measure the prevalence of maternal anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in those exposed to natural disasters.

Methods: A literature search of the PubMed database and www.clinicaltrials.

Predictors of Interest in Radiation Oncology: The Effect of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Other Diversity Measures.

Purpose: The presence of women and people underrepresented in medicine (URiM) continues to be lower in radiation oncology (RO) than within the United States population, medical school graduates, and oncology fellowship applicants. The objective of this study was to identify demographics of matriculating medical students who are inclined to consider pursuing a residency in RO and identify barriers to entry that students may perceive before medical school training.

Methods And Materials: A survey of incoming medical students at New York Medical College was distributed via e-mail and assessed demographic background information, interest in and awareness of oncologic subspecialties, and perceived barriers to RO.

Morphometric analysis of Corpus Callosum in autistic and typically developing Indian children.

Corpus callosum (CC) is the largest commissural white matter bundle in the brain, responsible for the integration of information between hemispheres. Reduction in the size of the CC structure has been predominantly reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing children (TD). However, most of these studies are based on high-functioning individuals with ASD but not on an inclusive sample of individuals with ASD with varying abilities.

Acute kidney injury and the compensation of kidney function after nephrectomy in living donation.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence is growing rapidly, and AKI is one of the predictors of inpatient mortality. After nephrectomy, all the patients have decreased kidney function with AKI and recover from AKI. However, the characteristic and behavior of AKI is different from usual AKI and compensatory kidney function has been well known in the postoperative setting, especially in living donors.

Is Compensation Prediction Score Valid for Contralateral Kidney After Living-Donor Nephrectomy in the United States?

Background: Compensation after living donor nephrectomy is well known, and a compensation prediction score (CPS) was made in Japan previously. The aim of this study was to perform external validation of CPS in the United States.

Methods: We studied retrospectively 78 living donor nephrectomies in our institution.

Factors influencing oral cancer screening preferences in patients attending Tertiary Care University Oral Health Clinic.

Background: Understanding factors that influence patients' preferences towards oral cancer (OC) screening is imperative to provide high-quality evidence-based OC screening interventions that can be targeted for population-level uptake. This study determined adult patients' knowledge and awareness of OC, and how health behaviours influenced their preferences towards OC screening.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used a 42-point questionnaire, between February and May 2020 using a combination of in-person and telephone interviews.

mRNA Reprogramming of T8993G Leigh's Syndrome Fibroblast Cells to Create Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Mitochondrial Disorders.

Early molecular and developmental events impacting many incurable mitochondrial disorders are not fully understood and require generation of relevant patient- and disease-specific stem cell models. In this study, we focus on the ability of a nonviral and integration-free reprogramming method for deriving clinical-grade induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) specific to Leigh's syndrome (LS), a fatal neurodegenerative mitochondrial disorder of infants. The cause of fatality could be due to the presence of high abundance of mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or decline in respiration levels, thus affecting early molecular and developmental events in energy-intensive tissues.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants at 18-24 Months, Corrected Gestational Age in a Tertiary Health Centre: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for poor neurodevelopmental outcome in a cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Subjects And Methods: Four hundred and twenty-two infants of a total of 643 VLBW survivors from a teaching hospital in South India were followed up to assess their neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Results: Among the 422 children who completed the assessment, results of 359 children whose assessments were done between 18 and 24 months were analysed.

Human iNPC therapy leads to improvement in functional neurologic outcomes in a pig ischemic stroke model.

Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the United States but current therapies are limited with no regenerative potential. Previous translational failures have highlighted the need for large animal models of ischemic stroke and for improved assessments of functional outcomes. The aims of this study were first, to create a post-stroke functional outcome assessment scale in a porcine model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and second, to use this scale to determine the effect of human-induced-pluripotent-cell-derived neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) on functional outcome in this large animal stroke model.

Feature selection of ultrahigh-dimensional covariates with survival outcomes: a selective review.

Many modern biomedical studies have yielded survival data with high-throughput predictors. The goals of scientific research often lie in identifying predictive biomarkers, understanding biological mechanisms and making accurate and precise predictions. Variable screening is a crucial first step in achieving these goals.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cell Therapy Enhances Recovery in an Ischemic Stroke Pig Model.

Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (iNSCs) have significant potential as an autologous, multifunctional cell therapy for stroke, which is the primary cause of long term disability in the United States and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Here we show that iNSC transplantation improves recovery through neuroprotective, regenerative, and cell replacement mechanisms in a novel ischemic pig stroke model. Longitudinal multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following iNSC therapy demonstrated reduced changes in white matter integrity, cerebral blood perfusion, and brain metabolism in the infarcted tissue.

Dysmorphism in Non-Syndromic Autism: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To determine the effect of association of dysembryogenesis (manifested by presence of dysmorphic markers) on the developmental profile of autistic children.

Methods: 26 autistic children were classified into complex autism (if they had specific dysmorphic markers) or essential autism (in the absence of dysmorphic markers) using the Miles Autism Dysmorphology Measure (ADM). The developmental abilities (Griffith's Mental Development Scales) and the clinical severity (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) of both groups were compared.

NEU3 sialidase as a marker of insulin sensitivity: Regulation by fatty acids.

The plasma membrane-associated enzyme NEU3 sialidase functions to cleave sialic acid residues from the ganglioside GM3 thereby promoting its degradation, and has been implicated in the modulation of insulin action. Herein, we report for the first time that impaired insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and liver of obese Zucker fatty rats and aged C57BL/6 mice coincides with reduced NEU3 protein abundance. In addition, high fat feeding was found to significantly reduce NEU3 protein in white adipose tissue of rats.

Rapamycin up-regulation of autophagy reduces infarct size and improves outcomes in both permanent MCAL, and embolic MCAO, murine models of stroke.

Background And Purpose: The role of autophagy in response to ischemic stroke has been confusing with reports that both enhancement and inhibition of autophagy decrease infarct size and improve post-stroke outcomes. We sought to clarify this by comparing pharmacologic modulation of autophagy in two clinically relevant murine models of stroke.

Methods: We used rapamycin to induce autophagy, and chloroquine to block completion of autophagy, by treating mice immediately after stroke and at 24 hours post-stroke in two different models; permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Ligation (MCAL), which does not allow for reperfusion of distal trunk of middle cerebral artery, and Embolic Clot Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (eMCAO) which allows for a slow reperfusion similar to that seen in most human stroke patients.

Cardiac arrests in schools: assessing use of automated external defibrillators (AED) on school campuses.

Background: Sudden cardiac arrest in schools are infrequent, but emotionally charged events. The purpose of our study was to: (1) describe characteristics and outcomes of school cardiac arrests; and (2) assess the feasibility of conducting school bystander interviews to describe the events surrounding cardiac arrests, assess AED availability and use, and identify barriers to AED use.

Methods: We performed a telephone survey of bystanders to cardiac arrests occurring in K-12 schools in communities participating in the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) database and a local cardiac arrest database.

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptomology associated with witnessing unsuccessful out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Objectives: The objective was to assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated with witnessing unsuccessful out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a family member.

Methods: Adult family members of deceased, adult, nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims who were transported to a large, Midwestern hospital were contacted by telephone beginning 1 month after the event. Subjects were dichotomized as to whether or not they were physically present during the patient's resuscitation.

Can health care costs be contained?

In order to control the future of health care in this nation, one has to understand the present. Grace gives a comprehensive picture of our present health care system with an eye to its costs and how nursing can contribute if the system is to be changed.

Issues in doctoral education in nursing.

In this article, I have traced some of the evolutionary threads that have contributed to current patterns of doctoral education in nursing. Although current programs may differ in the title of the degree offered, all are structured as research doctoral programs. Because they try to be all things to all people, they fail to prepare either competent researchers or applied practitioners.

Cyclopia-synotia: an unusual presentation.

An infant showing an unusual combination of craniofacial abnormalities is described. Synotia, astomia, a rudimentary proboscis, and a central placode in the hairline were observed. Serial sections of the head were examined microscopically.

Cone biopsy of the cervix: does surgical technique influence cytological follow-up?

A 10-year experience of cone biopsy of the cervix was reviewed to determine whether the surgical method used delayed the diagnosis of recurrent disease. Although there is a trend to selective ablation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cone biopsy is a necessary adjunct to the colposcopist and remains the technique used by many gynaecologists. Two surgical techniques were compared; 1) Sturmdorf sutures, where the denuded cervical stump was covered by squamous epithelium 2) Interrupted vertical sutures, where the cervical epithelium was not covered.

Raised maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels not associated with fetal malformations. A case report.

A pregnant black woman was found to have extremely high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations on several occasions between 18 and 28 weeks of gestation; the amniotic fluid total AFP level was borderline at 22 weeks, and the concanavalin-A non-reactive fraction was below normal. At this stage termination of pregnancy was considered, but qualitative acetylcholinesterase electrophoresis was negative and repeated echographic examinations revealed no fetal defect. The pregnancy was allowed to continue, and a normal premature female infant was delivered at 36 weeks.