The histone acetyltransferase MOF activates hypothalamic polysialylation to prevent diet-induced obesity in mice.

Overfeeding causes rapid synaptic remodeling in hypothalamus feeding circuits. Polysialylation of cell surface molecules is a key step in this neuronal rewiring and allows normalization of food intake. Here we examined the role of hypothalamic polysialylation in the long-term maintenance of body weight, and deciphered the molecular sequence underlying its nutritional regulation.

Cerebral cell renewal in adult mice controls the onset of obesity.

The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the control of the energy balance and also retains neurogenic potential into adulthood. Recent studies have reported the severe alteration of the cell turn-over in the hypothalamus of obese animals and it has been proposed that a neurogenic deficiency in the hypothalamus could be involved in the development of obesity. To explore this possibility, we examined hypothalamic cell renewal during the homeostatic response to dietary fat in mice, i.

Hypothalamic apelin/reactive oxygen species signaling controls hepatic glucose metabolism in the onset of diabetes.

Aims: We have previously demonstrated that central apelin is implicated in the control of peripheral glycemia, and its action depends on nutritional (fast versus fed) and physiological (normal versus diabetic) states. An intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of a high dose of apelin, similar to that observed in obese/diabetic mice, increase fasted glycemia, suggesting (i) that apelin contributes to the establishment of a diabetic state, and (ii) the existence of a hypothalamic to liver axis. Using pharmacological, genetic, and nutritional approaches, we aim at unraveling this system of regulation by identifying the hypothalamic molecular actors that trigger the apelin effect on liver glucose metabolism and glycemia.

Food intake adaptation to dietary fat involves PSA-dependent rewiring of the arcuate melanocortin system in mice.

Hormones such as leptin and ghrelin can rapidly rewire hypothalamic feeding circuits when injected into rodent brains. These experimental manipulations suggest that the hypothalamus might reorganize continually in adulthood to integrate the metabolic status of the whole body. In this study, we examined whether hypothalamic plasticity occurs in naive animals according to their nutritional conditions.

[The medical French-speaking world].

Medicine has always been and remains the most solid base of the French-speaking world which was born in Africa and Indochina with the admirable action of "colonial" military physicians, the implantation of the Pasteur Institutes and the emergence of resulting overseas medical schools. Obviously, we are referring to the French-speaking medical world. Since the first International Conference of the Deans of French-Speaking Medical Schools in Abidjan in 1981, today medical schools from 40 French-speaking countries participate.

Extracerebral course of the perforating branches of the anterior communicating artery: microsurgical anatomical study.

Damage to the perforating branches arising from the anterior communicating artery, because of their blood supply to the septal nuclei and anterior hypothalamus, explains the memory impairment and the electrolyte disturbances that often follow the surgery of aneurysms located in this part of the circle of Willis. The microsurgical anatomy of these branches was studied on 60 fixed human brains, with special attention to their number, caliber, and vascular territory. The direction of the branches was evaluated, measuring the angle formed by them with the postcommunicating segment of the anterior cerebral artery.

Perforating branches of the basilar bifurcation.

The perforating branches of the upper basilar artery and of the first (P1) segment of the posterior cerebral artery were studied in 50 fixed brains obtained from human cadavers. No vertical branches arose from the basilar bifurcation. The upper basilar artery gave rise to horizontal branches, which were studied with reference to their angle of origin.

Microsurgical anatomy of the cisternal course of the perforating branches of the posterior communicating artery.

Both the perforating branches--especially the extracerebral segments--and the arachnoidal anatomy at the level of the posterior communicating artery were studied in 60 human brains previously fixed in formalin. The close relationships between this artery and the oculomotor nerve are described, and it is noted that each of them is enclosed in its own arachnoidal compartment, which in the case of the posterior communicating artery is to be distinguished from the interpeduncular cistern. The latter cistern was found to contain only the terminal segments of the posterior communicating artery.

[Micro-anatomy of collateral perforating branches of the middle cerebral artery].

The lenticulostriate arteries are the subject of a microanatomical study on 50 formalin fixed human brains. A single trunk arising from the middle cerebral artery is rarely found. In fact the branches are numerous and they are found to ramify before penetrating the anterior perforated substance.

Cerebellar hemangioblastoma and primary hyperparathyroidism.

The authors report the case of a 52-year-old woman presenting with cerebellar hemangioblastoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. It is the second reported case involving this new association. The relationship between these two tumors is discussed.

[Anterior sacral meningocele. Report on 2 cases treated by the abdominal approach].

Anterior sacral meningocele is a rare affection (150 cases published) that is frequently misdiagnosed with resulting inappropriate, always dangerous treatment. Diagnosis should however be simple to establish on the finding of a fluid hypogastric mass attached to the sacrum with associated radiologic anomalies of the sacrum. Two cases are reviewed and diagnostic and surgical therapy features discussed.

[Outcome of intracranial meningioma in adults. Retrospective study of a medicosurgical series of 161 meningiomas].

The authors report the retrospective study of a medico-surgical series of 161 patients with intracranial meningiomas, diagnosed over a period of 9 years, with a follow-up period varying from 18 months to 9 years. Out of 185 cases studied, 24 were excluded because information or perspective were inadequate. Of the 161 cases retained, 133 (82.

[Ocular flutter: really a cerebellar sign?].

Two post-operative cases of ocular flutter with electro-oculographic recordings are reported. In both cases, the lesion was unique and restricted, suggesting that a cerebellar damage was responsible for this abnormal eye movement. In both cases, ocular flutter was directed toward the healthy side.

[Meningeal hemorrhage disclosed by the initiation of Prinzmetal's angina].

The association of a cardiac disturbance and a subarachnoïd hemorrhage is well known but the cardiac signs seldom look the most important. When studying a case which was very particular because the cardiac signs consisted in a Prinzmetal's variant angina, it finality appears that the Prinzmetal's angina is not so rare as could be thought in such circumstances. Therefore a neurological pathology hidden by a cardiac one has been rarely reported such as it was seen in that case.

[Selective paralysis of downward gaze with permanent conjugated upwards deviation : report of a new case (author's transl)].

Permanent upward conjugated ocular deviations are exceptional in conscious subjects : 8 cases only have been reported. They are always associated with a more or less selective paralysis of downward gaze. A further case is reported, with results of oculographic and computed tomography examinations.

[Primary intra-cerebral hemorrhage in the new born, nursling and child (author's transl)].

The authors report 6 cases of intracerebral hemorrhages in 6 children, of what appears to be, of primary origin. 3 cases concern children between the ages of 4 and 14 years; the 3 others are situated shortly after birth or during the first months of life. A review of the literature emphasizes the sporadic nature of these cases and the persistance of diagnostic and etiological problems as to the cause of these hemorrhages.