Nonsecretor Phenotype Is Associated With Less Risk of Rotavirus-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis in a Vaccinated Nicaraguan Birth Cohort.

Background: Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been associated with rotavirus vaccine take; but the effect of these HBGAs on rotavirus incidence and risk remains poorly explored in vaccinated populations.

Methods: Rotavirus-associated acute gastroenteritis (AGE) was assessed in 444 Nicaraguan children followed from birth until 3 years of age. AGE episodes were tested for rotavirus by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and saliva or blood was used to determine HBGA phenotypes.

Water and sediment quality of an agro-industrial area through different approaches: Physicochemical parameters and ecotoxicity with amphibians.

Amphibians are subject to several stressors in the aquatic and terrestrial environments, and human activities have profoundly impacted this vertebrate group. The aim of the present study was to analyze physicochemical parameters, metals and pesticide residues, and the toxicity of water and sediment samples from an environment with high agricultural activity (S1: Salto stream; S2: drainage channel downstream from S1) by means of bioassays using Rhinella arenarum (Amphibia: Anura) larvae. Metals and pesticides were analyzed in water and sediment samples by fluorescence spectrometer of X-ray by total reflection and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS, respectively.

Fabrication and Arc Erosion Behavior of Ag-SnO-ZnO Electrical Contact Materials.

This study investigated the synthesis of Ag-SnO-ZnO by powder metallurgy methods and their subsequent electrical contact behavior. The pieces of Ag-SnO-ZnO were prepared by ball milling and hot pressing. The arc erosion behavior of the material was evaluated using homemade equipment.

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) Plays a Controlling Role in Expression of the Retinoic Acid Receptor β () Gene in Hepatocytes.

HNF4α, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, regulates the genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. The expression of the gene in the liver of HNF4α knock-out mice was higher versus wildtype controls, whereas oppositely, promoter activity was 50% reduced by the overexpression of HNF4α in HepG2 cells, and treatment with retinoic acid (RA), a major metabolite of vitamin A, increased promoter activity 15-fold. The human promoter contains two DR5 and one DR8 binding motifs, as RA response elements (RARE) proximal to the transcription start site.

Economic evaluations of radioembolization with yttrium-90 microspheres in liver metastases of colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

Background: Transarterial radioembolization with yttrium-90 (Y-90 TARE) microspheres therapy has demonstrated positive clinical benefits for the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer (lmCRC). This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the available economic evaluations of Y-90 TARE for lmCRC.

Methods: English and Spanish publications were identified from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, MEDES health technology assessment agencies, and scientific congress databases published up to May 2021.

Loss of toll-like receptor 5 potentiates spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in farnesoid X receptor-deficient mice.

Background: HCC is the most common primary liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Gut microbiota is a large collection of microbes, predominately bacteria, that harbor the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in gut microbiota that deviate from the native composition, that is, "dysbiosis," is proposed as a probable diagnostic biomarker and a risk factor for HCC.

Factors influencing professionalism during dental training at the University of Chile: perception of students and patients.

Background: The University should be considered a favourable space and agent for the training and transmission of values and attitudes related to professionalism, such as responsibility, teamwork and ethical commitment. In addition, dentistry is a profession with a deep social sense that seeks to solve the oral health problems of the population to improve the quality of life. In this context, our aim was to explore the perception of students and patients about the contribution of the curriculum to the development of professionalism and to identify the factors that strengthen and weaken this perception.

Improvement of photocatalytic activity in the degradation of 4-chlorophenol and phenol in aqueous medium using tin-modified TiO photocatalysts.

In this work, we present the synthesis of TiO photocatalysts modified with different % mol of tin using the sol-gel method. The materials were characterized using different analytical techniques. The Rietveld refinement, XPS, Raman and UV-Vis techniques confirm the substitution of tin in the TiO structural lattice due to changes in crystal lattice parameters, the low-energy shift of the Sn 3d orbital, generation of oxygen vacancies and the decreased band gap and increased BET surface area.

Impact of the Recognition Part of Dipeptidyl Nitroalkene Compounds on the Inhibition Mechanism of Cysteine Proteases Cruzain and Cathepsin L.

Cysteine proteases (CPs) are an important class of enzymes, many of which are responsible for several human diseases. For instance, cruzain of protozoan parasite is responsible for the Chagas disease, while the role of human cathepsin L is associated with some cancers or is a potential target for the treatment of COVID-19. However, despite paramount work carried out during the past years, the compounds that have been proposed so far show limited inhibitory action against these enzymes.

Airway Complications after Lung Transplantation-A Contemporary Series of 400 Bronchial Anastomoses from a Single Center.

(1) Objective: To determine whether recent advances in lung transplantation (LT) have reduced the incidence and changed the risk factors for airway complications (AC). (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients receiving a lung transplant between January 2007 and January 2019. An AC was defined as a bronchoscopic abnormality in the airway, either requiring or not requiring an endoscopic or surgical intervention.

Pharmaceutical care and asthma: Protocol of an umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Introduction: Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest that pharmacists' interventions in asthma patients have a positive impact on health-related outcomes. Nevertheless, the association is not well established and the role of clinical pharmacists is poorly represented, as well as severe asthma patients. The aim of this overview of systematic reviews is to identify published systematic reviews assessing the impact of pharmacists' interventions on health-related outcomes measured in asthma patients, as well as to describe key components of the interventions, the outcomes assessed and any associations between pharmacists' interventions and health-related outcomes.

Skin basal cell carcinomas assemble a pro-tumorigenic spatially organized and self-propagating Trem2+ myeloid niche.

Cancer immunotherapies have revolutionized treatment but have shown limited success as single-agent therapies highlighting the need to understand the origin, assembly, and dynamics of heterogeneous tumor immune niches. Here, we use single-cell and imaging-based spatial analysis to elucidate three microenvironmental neighborhoods surrounding the heterogeneous basal cell carcinoma tumor epithelia. Within the highly proliferative neighborhood, we find that TREM2 skin cancer-associated macrophages (SCAMs) support the proliferation of a distinct tumor epithelial population through an immunosuppression-independent manner via oncostatin-M/JAK-STAT3 signaling.

Meniscus Radial Tears: Current Concepts on Management and Repair Techniques.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides a historical perspective on the approach to radial tears and collates the currently available evidence on repair techniques, rehabilitation, and outcomes following the treatment of meniscus radial tears.

Recent Findings: Recent literature shows that the repair of meniscus radial tears reports improved patient-reported outcome scores with high return to function and activity. However, no single technique nor construct was proven better than the other.

Metabolic Flux Analysis Reveals the Roles of Stearate and Oleate on CPT1C-mediated Tumor Cell Senescence.

Cellular senescence is a state of proliferative arrest, and the development of carcinoma can be suppressed by conferring tumor cell senescence. Recently, we found that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) controls tumor cell proliferation and senescence via regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function. Here, C-metabolic flux analysis (C-MFA) was performed and the results revealed that knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly induced cellular senescence accompanied by altered fatty acid metabolism.

Influence of Ultrasound Settings on Laboratory Vertical Artifacts.

Objective: The aim of the work described here was to analyze the relationship between the change in ultrasound (US) settings and the vertical artifacts' number, visual rating and signal intensity METHODS: An in vitro phantom consisting of a damp sponge and gelatin mix was created to simulate vertical artifacts. Furthermore, several US parameters were changed sequentially (i.e.

[Developing tools to study the health impact of urban transformations in high vulnerability contexts: the RUCAS study].

This article describes the design and characteristics of a questionnaire and an intradomiciliary observation tool developed to assess the housing-neighborhood-health relationship both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the context of urban transformations carried out in populations of high socio-territorial vulnerability. The instruments were developed for the multi-method longitudinal study RUCAS (Urban Regeneration, Quality of Life and Health), a natural experiment aiming to assess the quality of life and health impact of a comprehensive Urban Regeneration Program in two social housing complexes in Chile. The design of the instruments followed four main stages: (1) narrative review of the literature to define the dimensions of the study, and of existing measurement instruments to identify appropriate items for measuring them; (2) content validation with experts; (3) pre-test; and (4) pilot study.

Viability of erythrocytes in canine packed red blood cells stored in CPDA-1 is related to the presence of Mycoplasma haemocanis.

Hemotropic mycoplasmas are associated with subclinical disease in dogs and should be identified in blood donors. The objective was to investigate the presence and effect of M. haemocanis in units of packed red blood cells (pRBC) during storage.

Ethylenediamine-assisted solvothermal synthesis of ZnS/ZnO photocatalytic heterojunction for high-efficiency hydrogen production.

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials have emerged as a class of novel materials over the last two decades, as they combine functional organic components and inorganic building blocks into unique materials through various chemical or physical interactions. In the present work, the importance of the use of ethylenediamine in sulfided materials applied to photocatalytic processes in the H production is demonstrated. The ZnS/ZnO heterojunction was prepared by the solvothermal synthesis in the presence and absence of ethylenediamine.

Wireless standard-compliant e-health solution for elderly people with multiuser identification.

Objective: One of the main problems in e-health environments for developing an accurate multiuser identification is in the large number of patients, especially with itinerant medical devices and elderly people. This paper aims to contribute with two approaches to be included in ISO/IEEE 11073 family of standards as a standardized procedure for multiuser identification that can be used for a large variety of medical devices, regardless of their brand or model. From this contribution and to validate it, this work proposes a standardized e-health solution, including multiuser identification, implementing it in real health environments for elderly people, and evaluating their usability, interoperability, and adoption in daily living.

Investigation of the Compatibility between Warheads and Peptidomimetic Sequences of Protease Inhibitors-A Comprehensive Reactivity and Selectivity Study.

Covalent peptidomimetic protease inhibitors have gained a lot of attention in drug development in recent years. They are designed to covalently bind the catalytically active amino acids through electrophilic groups called warheads. Covalent inhibition has an advantage in terms of pharmacodynamic properties but can also bear toxicity risks due to non-selective off-target protein binding.

ICU admission for solid cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the management of cancer. They can induce immune-related adverse events (irAE) leading to intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We aimed to describe irAEs for ICU admissions in solid cancer patients treated with ICIs.

Implicit-explicit discrepancies regarding racial attitudes among U.S. Whites.

Work on implicit attitude measures has become increasingly rich and nuanced, with much theoretical development emanating from investigations of the correspondence between implicit and explicit attitude measures. However, various facets of implicit-explicit discrepancies (IEDs) remain underexplored - particularly, how prevalent the potentially distinct categories of IEDs are. Existing models speak mainly to discrepancies that occur because explicit attitudes are less prejudiced than implicit attitudes and tends to assume other possible categories are trivial.

Neural tube defects: Prevalence, mortality, and maternal characteristics in two departmental hospitals in the northwestern region of Nicaragua, 2006-2018.

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth most common cause of neonatal mortality in Nicaragua, and neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most common of all cases of lethality associated with a birth defect. Prevalence and mortality estimates are needed to propose effective intervention strategies that prevent NTDs over time.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in northwestern Nicaragua from January 2006 to December 2018.

Safety of High Dose Erythropoietin Used with Therapeutic Hypothermia as Treatment for Newborn Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Secondary Analysis of the HEAL Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To assess whether high dose erythropoietin (Epo) treatment of cooled infants with neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy results in a higher risk of prespecified serious adverse events (SAEs).

Study Design: Five hundred infants born at ≥36 weeks of gestation with moderate or severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia were randomized to Epo or placebo on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7. Pretreatment and posttreatment SAEs were compared with adjusted generalized linear models, with posttreatment models adjusted for the presence of a pretreatment SAE.