Orbital Hall Effect Accompanying Quantum Hall Effect: Landau Levels Cause Orbital Polarized Edge Currents.

The quantum Hall effect emerges when two-dimensional samples are subjected to strong magnetic fields at low temperatures: Topologically protected edge states cause a quantized Hall conductivity in multiples of e^{2}/h. Here we show that the quantum Hall effect is accompanied by an orbital Hall effect. Our quantum mechanical calculations fit well the semiclassical interpretation in terms of "skipping orbits.

Image-Based 3D Reconstruction in Laparoscopy: A Review Focusing on the Quantitative Evaluation by Applying the Reconstruction Error.

Image-based 3D reconstruction enables laparoscopic applications as image-guided navigation and (autonomous) robot-assisted interventions, which require a high accuracy. The review's purpose is to present the accuracy of different techniques to label the most promising. A systematic literature search with PubMed and google scholar from 2015 to 2023 was applied by following the framework of "Review articles: purpose, process, and structure".

[Overweight and obesity in adults: general principles of treatment and conservative management].

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is steadily increasing in Austria as well as internationally. Obesity in particular is associated with multiple health risks, comorbidities, functional disability, and social stigma. Obesity is an independent, complex, chronic disease and should be treated as such by a multidisciplinary team of appropriately qualified personnel.

Generation of out-of-plane polarized spin current by spin swapping.

The generation of spin currents and their application to the manipulation of magnetic states is fundamental to spintronics. Of particular interest are chiral antiferromagnets that exhibit properties typical of ferromagnetic materials even though they have negligible magnetization. Here, we report the generation of a robust spin current with both in-plane and out-of-plane spin polarization in epitaxial thin films of the chiral antiferromagnet MnSn in proximity to permalloy thin layers.

Glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonism associates with reduced metabolic adaptation and higher fat oxidation: A randomized trial.

Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 would lead to a smaller decrease in sleeping metabolic rate (SMR; kilocalories/day) than expected from the loss of lean and fat mass (metabolic adaptation).

Methods: This Phase 1b, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted at two centers in inpatient metabolic wards. Thirty-five healthy males and females with overweight and obesity (age = 36.

Direct visualization of Rashba-split bands and spin/orbital-charge interconversion at KTaO interfaces.

Rashba interfaces have emerged as promising platforms for spin-charge interconversion through the direct and inverse Edelstein effects. Notably, oxide-based two-dimensional electron gases display a large and gate-tunable conversion efficiency, as determined by transport measurements. However, a direct visualization of the Rashba-split bands in oxide two-dimensional electron gases is lacking, which hampers an advanced understanding of their rich spin-orbit physics.

Observation of Néel-type skyrmions in acentric self-intercalated CrTe.

Transition-metal dichalcogenides intercalated with 3d-transition metals within the van der Waals (vdW) gaps have been the focus of intense investigations owing to their fascinating structural and magnetic properties. At certain concentrations the intercalated atoms form ordered superstructures that exhibit ferromagnetic or anti-ferromagnetic ordering. Here we show that the self-intercalated compound CrTe with δ ≈ 0.

Setting of the magnetic structure of chiral kagome antiferromagnets by a seeded spin-orbit torque.

The current-induced spin-orbit torque switching of ferromagnets has had huge impact in spintronics. However, short spin-diffusion lengths limit the thickness of switchable ferromagnetic layers, thereby limiting their thermal stability. Here, we report a previously unobserved seeded spin-orbit torque (SSOT) by which current can set the magnetic states of even thick layers of the chiral kagome antiferromagnet MnSn.

Observation of fractional spin textures in a Heusler material.

Recently a zoology of non-collinear chiral spin textures has been discovered, most of which, such as skyrmions and antiskyrmions, have integer topological charges. Here we report the experimental real-space observation of the formation and stability of fractional antiskyrmions and fractional elliptical skyrmions in a Heusler material. These fractional objects appear, over a wide range of temperature and magnetic field, at the edges of a sample, whose interior is occupied by an array of nano-objects with integer topological charges, in agreement with our simulations.

Pre-procedural predictors for multiple clips in percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair.

Background: Percutaneous mitral valve (MV) clipping for mitral regurgitation (MR) revolutionized MV repair; however, valve anatomies and pathologies vary. Often multiple clips are required, and predicting this pre-procedurally would be useful. We evaluated pre-procedural predictors for multiple clips.

Colossal topological Hall effect at the transition between isolated and lattice-phase interfacial skyrmions.

The topological Hall effect is used extensively to study chiral spin textures in various materials. However, the factors controlling its magnitude in technologically-relevant thin films remain uncertain. Using variable-temperature magnetotransport and real-space magnetic imaging in a series of Ir/Fe/Co/Pt heterostructures, here we report that the chiral spin fluctuations at the phase boundary between isolated skyrmions and a disordered skyrmion lattice result in a power-law enhancement of the topological Hall resistivity by up to three orders of magnitude.

Improved postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes by the dual glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 in comparison with liraglutide.

Aim: To gain further insights into the efficacy of SAR425899, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonist, by providing direct comparison with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, in terms of key outcomes of glucose metabolism.

Research Design And Methods: Seventy overweight to obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized to receive once-daily subcutaneous administrations of SAR425899 (0.12, 0.

Skyrmion ratchet propagation: utilizing the skyrmion Hall effect in AC racetrack storage devices.

Magnetic skyrmions are whirl-like nano-objects with topological protection. When driven by direct currents, skyrmions move but experience a transverse deflection. This so-called skyrmion Hall effect is often regarded a drawback for memory applications.

Evolution and competition between chiral spin textures in nanostripes with symmetry.

Chiral spin textures are of considerable interest for applications in spintronics. It has recently been shown that magnetic materials with symmetry can sustain several distinct spin textures. Here, we show, using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, that single and double chains of antiskyrmions can be generated at room temperature in nanostripes less than 0.

Topological Hall Signatures of Two Chiral Spin Textures Hosted in a Single Tetragonal Inverse Heusler Thin Film.

Magnetic skyrmions and antiskyrmions are observed in material classes with different crystal symmetries, where the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction stabilizes either skyrmions or antiskyrmions. Here, we report the observation of two distinct peaks in the topological Hall effect in a thin film of MnRhSn. Utilizing a phenomenological approach and electronic transport simulations, these topological Hall effect features are attributed to be direct signatures of two topologically distinct chiral spin objects, namely, skyrmions and antiskyrmions.

Elliptical Bloch skyrmion chiral twins in an antiskyrmion system.

Skyrmions and antiskyrmions are distinct topological chiral spin textures that have been observed in various material systems depending on the symmetry of the crystal structure. Here we show, using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, that arrays of skyrmions can be stabilized in a tetragonal inverse Heusler with D symmetry whose Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) otherwise supports antiskyrmions. These skyrmions can be distinguished from those previously found in several B20 systems which have only one chirality and are circular in shape.

Dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 improves beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To evaluate the change in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function and glucose absorption after 28 days of treatment with high and low doses of SAR425899, a novel dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/glucagon receptor agonist, versus placebo.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six overweight to obese subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive daily subcutaneous administrations of low-dose SAR425899 (0.03, 0.

Mapping spin-charge conversion to the band structure in a topological oxide two-dimensional electron gas.

While spintronics has traditionally relied on ferromagnetic metals as spin generators and detectors, spin-orbitronics exploits the efficient spin-charge interconversion enabled by spin-orbit coupling in non-magnetic systems. Although the Rashba picture of split parabolic bands is often used to interpret such experiments, it fails to explain the largest conversion effects and their relationship with the electronic structure. Here, we demonstrate a very large spin-to-charge conversion effect in an interface-engineered, high-carrier-density SrTiO two-dimensional electron gas and map its gate dependence on the band structure.

Electrical writing, deleting, reading, and moving of magnetic skyrmioniums in a racetrack device.

A magnetic skyrmionium (also called 2π-skyrmion) can be understood as a skyrmion-a topologically nontrivial magnetic whirl-which is situated in the center of a second skyrmion with reversed magnetization. Here, we propose a new optoelectrical writing and deleting mechanism for skyrmioniums in thin films, as well as a reading mechanism based on the topological Hall voltage. Furthermore, we point out advantages for utilizing skyrmioniums as carriers of information in comparison to skyrmions with respect to the current-driven motion.

Forming individual magnetic biskyrmions by merging two skyrmions in a centrosymmetric nanodisk.

When two magnetic skyrmions - whirl-like, topologically protected quasiparticles - form a bound pair, a biskyrmion state with a topological charge of N = ±2 is constituted. Recently, especially the case of two partially overlapping skyrmions has brought about great research interest. Since for its formation the individual skyrmions need to posses opposite in-plane magnetizations, such a biskyrmion cannot be stabilized by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-interaction (DMI), which is the interaction that typically stabilizes skyrmions in non-centrosymmetric materials and at interfaces.

A Clinical Practice Perspective on Publishing in Oncology Nursing.

Objective: To describe how clinical problems and observations can generate ideas for writing for publication.

Data Sources: Journal articles, publishers' information for authors, online publishing resources, personal experience.

Conclusion: Ideas for publishable manuscripts can be generated from clinical practice dilemmas, patient or nursing outcome data, and reading professional materials or attendance at professional meetings.

Proportional Feedback Control of Energy Intake During Obesity Pharmacotherapy.

Objective: Obesity pharmacotherapies result in an exponential time course for energy intake whereby large early decreases dissipate over time. This pattern of declining drug efficacy to decrease energy intake results in a weight loss plateau within approximately 1 year. This study aimed to elucidate the physiology underlying the exponential decay of drug effects on energy intake.