The impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on post-operative outcomes.

Background: Unrecognised obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been associated with adverse cardiorespiratory perioperative outcomes. However, with changing anaesthetic and perioperative management, there is ongoing uncertainty about the importance of OSA as a risk factor for post-operative complications.

Methods: A cohort study involving subjects undergoing elective surgery was conducted.

Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma mimicking an exophytic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) leiomyosarcomas are rare smooth muscle neoplasms that account for 0.5% of adult soft tissue sarcomas. They present with nonspecific symptoms and have poor prognosis.

Recombinant Erwinia asparaginase (JZP458) in ALL/LBL: complete follow-up of the Children's Oncology Group AALL1931 study.

Children's Oncology Group study AALL1931 investigated the efficacy and safety of recombinant Erwinia asparaginase (JZP458) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma and hypersensitivity reactions/silent inactivation to Escherichia coli-derived asparaginases. Each pegylated Escherichia coli asparaginase dose remaining in a patient's treatment plan was replaced by intramuscular (IM) or IV JZP458 (6 doses) administered Monday/Wednesday/Friday (MWF). Three IM cohorts (1a [25 mg/m2 MWF], n = 33; 1b [37.

An Atypical Presentation of Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by non-caseating granulomatous organ infiltration. We describe an atypical presentation of sarcoidosis in a 43-year-old male presenting with fatigue and shortness of breath. He had a preceding history of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), hemolytic anemia, cirrhosis, peripheral neuropathies, and calcium deposition, which pre-dated hypercalcemia; he was later diagnosed with IgA nephropathy.

Patient Experience and Barriers to the Visual Field Test for Glaucoma.

Prcis: There are significant mental, physical, and perceptual challenges in patients undergoing visual field testing, particularly in the elderly population with glaucoma.

Purpose: To quantitatively and qualitatively investigate patient experiences of undergoing visual field testing.

Methods: This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study involves adult patients attending a private outpatient ophthalmology clinic in Brisbane, Australia.

Pharmacokinetic Modeling of the Effect of Tariquidar on Ondansetron Disposition into the Central Nervous System.

Purpose: Serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists are promising agents for treatment of neuropathic pain. However, insufficient drug exposure at the central nervous system (CNS) might result in lack of efficacy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of administration of a Pgp inhibitor (tariquidar) on ondansetron exposure in the brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid in a wild-type rat model.

Success of Guideline-based Treatment of Newly Diagnosed and Previously Treated Patients During 2007-2021 in Edmonton, Alberta.

Background: Updated 2016 consensus guidelines recommend treatment for 14 days with concomitant therapy (proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-amoxicillin-metronidazole-clarithromycin (PAMC) or bismuth-based quadruple therapy (PPI-bismuth-metronidazole-tetracycline, PBMT)) as first line, PBMT or PPI-amoxicillin-levofloxacin (PAL) as second or third line, and PPI-amoxicillin-rifabutin (PAR) as fourth line for 10 days.

Objectives: This was a retrospective cohort study to describe and compare the efficacy of anti- treatment regimens over the periods 2007-2015 and 2016-2021 as well as antibiotic resistance.

Methods: A modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis was used to analyze the success rate of therapies.

Evaluating drug interaction potential from cytokine release syndrome using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model: A case study of teclistamab.

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was associated with teclistamab treatment in the phase I/II MajesTEC-1 study. Cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-6, are known suppressors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes' activity. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model evaluated the impact of IL-6 serum levels on exposure of substrates of various CYP enzymes (1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4, 3A5).

Correlation of immune fitness with response to teclistamab in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in the MajesTEC-1 study.

Teclistamab, an off-the-shelf B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) × CD3 bispecific antibody that mediates T-cell activation and subsequent lysis of BCMA-expressing myeloma cells, is approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (R/RMM). As a T-cell redirection therapy, clinical outcomes with teclistamab may be influenced by patient immune fitness and tumor antigen expression. We correlated tumor characteristics and baseline immune profiles with clinical response and disease burden in patients with R/RMM from the pivotal phase 1/2 MajesTEC-1 study, focusing on patients treated with 1.

Evaluating the impact of genomic epidemiology of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) on hospital infection prevention and control decisions.

Genomic epidemiology enhances the ability to detect and refute methicillin-resistant (MRSA) outbreaks in healthcare settings, but its routine introduction requires further evidence of benefits for patients and resource utilization. We performed a 12 month prospective study at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in the UK to capture its impact on hospital infection prevention and control (IPC) decisions. MRSA-positive samples were identified via the hospital microbiology laboratory between November 2018 and November 2019.

Accurate and reliable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy assay for early detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA with exceptional sensitivity.

This research proposes a highly sensitive and simple surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using suitably designed probes specific for RdRp and N viral genes attached to a Raman marker. The sensitivity of the assay was optimized through precise adjustments to the conditions of immobilization and hybridization processes of the target RNA, including modifications to factors such as time and temperature. The assay achieved a remarkable sensitivity down to 58.

Drug resistance and vaccine target surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum using nanopore sequencing in Ghana.

Malaria results in over 600,000 deaths annually, with the highest burden of deaths in young children living in sub-Saharan Africa. Molecular surveillance can provide important information for malaria control policies, including detection of antimalarial drug resistance. However, genome sequencing capacity in malaria-endemic countries is limited.

The slides: An evaluation of planetary health lecture slides for medical education.

Educational Challenge: There is an urgent need for innovations in planetary health medical education. Physicians must be prepared to provide high-value, low-carbon healthcare for patients increasingly impacted by the health consequences of climate change.

Proposed Solution: The slides, an evidence-based, open-access pedagogical tool that provides didactic planetary health medical education organized by medical subspecialty, was developed and evaluated by a virtual lecture session that presented a subset of the slides to  = 75 Canadian medical students.

The Accuracy of Digital Preoperative Templating in Primary Total Hip Replacements.

Background​ Digital templating is an essential part of preoperative planning in elective total hip replacement (THR) surgery. The goals of templating are to predict femoral and acetabular implant sizes, to assess leg length, offset, and implant positioning. Templating markers such as the KingMark device (Brainlab, Munich, Germany) have been developed to improve the accuracy.

A case of combined pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and watchman implant through hepatic vein in a patient with interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC).

This case report describes a successful procedure involving pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and left atrial appendage (LAA) closure with a watchman device in a 78-year-old male with atrial fibrillation and an interrupted inferior vena cava. Due to the vascular anomaly, a transhepatic approach was used, which proved successful.

Changes in Gastric Pathology after Treatment in Community-Driven Research Aimed at Gastric Cancer Prevention.

Community-driven projects have characterized () infection in Indigenous communities in the Northwest Territories (NT) and Yukon (YT), Canada. These projects address concerns about the frequent diagnosis of infection among community members and its relation to gastric cancer deaths, perceived to occur with alarming frequency in this region. Projects included breath-test screening for infection, gastroscopy with gastric biopsies, and treatment to eliminate infection.

Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Changes in Pharmacokinetics of IgG in Rats.

Purpose: To evaluate how obesity affects the pharmacokinetics of human IgG following subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) administration to rats and the homeostasis of endogenous rat IgG.

Methods: Differences in body weight and size, body composition, and serum concentration of endogenous rat IgG in male Zucker obese (ZUC-FA/FA) and control (ZUC-LEAN) rats were measured from the age of 5 weeks up to 30 weeks. At the age of 23-24 weeks animals received a single IV or SC dose of human IgG (1 g/kg of total body weight), and serum pharmacokinetics was followed for 7 weeks.