CohortDiagnostics: Phenotype evaluation across a network of observational data sources using population-level characterization.

Objective: This paper introduces a novel framework for evaluating phenotype algorithms (PAs) using the open-source tool, Cohort Diagnostics.

Materials And Methods: The method is based on several diagnostic criteria to evaluate a patient cohort returned by a PA. Diagnostics include estimates of incidence rate, index date entry code breakdown, and prevalence of all observed clinical events prior to, on, and after index date.

Exercise-related self-perception, physical activity and intention to in-person and virtual activities among adolescent girls.

This study aimed (1) to describe the experience of adolescents and adults using FitSpirit asynchronous virtual (V) exercise videos that target adolescent girls, (2) to compare physical activity (PA) levels and exercise-related self-perception variables among groups (2019 in-person [IP], 2021 IP, and 2021 V) of adolescent girls, and (3) to assess the association between the adolescents' PA levels and their exercise-related self-perception in response to IP (pre-pandemic and during pandemic) and V (during pandemic) FitSpirit exercise modes. Regarding the first aim, 28 adolescent girls ([15.5 ​± ​0.

Objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity does not attenuate prospective weight gain among African-origin adults spanning the epidemiological transition.

Traditional obesity-related public health messaging often includes physical activity (PA) recommendations. However, at the population level, the data are conflicting, especially when comparing different self-reported vs measured techniques across different settings and populations. We measured the association between moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and prospective weight change across five African-origin populations and the extent to which MVPA attenuated weight change over time.

Patient-reported outcomes following ciltacabtagene autoleucel or standard of care in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-4): results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: In CARTITUDE-4, ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) significantly improved progression-free survival (primary endpoint; previously reported) versus standard of care in patients with relapsed, lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. We report here patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: In the ongoing, phase 3, open-label CARTITUDE-4 study, patients were recruited from 81 sites in the USA, Europe, Asia, and Australia, and were randomly assigned 1:1 to cilta-cel (target, 0·75 × 10 CAR-T cells/kg) or standard of care (daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone; pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone).

Use of multi-modelling methods to inform conservation and reintroductions of pine marten in Britain.

The successful onset of recovery of the European pine marten () in some parts of Britain through range expansion and, more recently translocation for reintroductions, has resulted in a strong interest in reintroduction projects throughout the country. However, the geographic scope and conservation goals of these initiatives are often local and lack consideration of how they fit within the wider context of national-scale pine marten conservation. Here, we aim to maximize conservation benefit strategically at a national level by developing a simple, transparent, and transferable framework based on landscape modelling methods and spatially explicit population viability analyses.

Modulating the human gut microbiome and health markers through kombucha consumption: a controlled clinical study.

Fermented foods are becoming more popular due to their purported links to metabolic health and the gut microbiome. However, direct clinical evidence for the health claims is lacking. Here, we describe an eight-week clinical trial that explored the effects of a four-week kombucha supplement in healthy individuals consuming a Western diet, randomized into the kombucha (n = 16) or control (n = 8) group.

Persistent Short Sleep Duration From Pregnancy to 2 to 7 Years After Delivery and Metabolic Health.

Importance: Short sleep duration during pregnancy and the perimenopausal period has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, it remains unclear how sleep duration changes after delivery and whether such changes are associated with the cardiometabolic health of birthing people.

Objective: To investigate whether persistently short sleep during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with incident hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

The utility of physical activity questionnaires among African origin populations; lost in translation?

Background: Physical activity (PA) is an important preventive factor of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular disease, yet progress towards reducing physical inactivity in populations is slow. Population-levels of PA are most often estimated using self-report questionnaires in population surveys, such as the Global PA Questionnaire (GPAQ), which may not accurately reflect objectively measured PA, such as accelerometers. The aim of the current study was to compare self-report vs objectively measured PA across 5 African-origin populations.

Soil microbiome interventions for carbon sequestration and climate mitigation.

Mitigating climate change in soil ecosystems involves complex plant and microbial processes regulating carbon pools and flows. Here, we advocate for the use of soil microbiome interventions to help increase soil carbon stocks and curb greenhouse gas emissions from managed soils. Direct interventions include the introduction of microbial strains, consortia, phage, and soil transplants, whereas indirect interventions include managing soil conditions or additives to modulate community composition or its activities.

Reduction reactions dominate the interactions between Mg alloys and cells: Understanding the mechanisms.

Magnesium (Mg) alloys are popular biodegradable metals studied for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications, mainly because Mg ions are essential trace elements known to promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis. However, Mg corrosion consists of oxidation and reduction reactions that produce by-products, such as hydrogen gas, reactive oxygen species, and hydroxides. It is still unclear how all these by-products and Mg ions concomitantly alter the microenvironment and cell behaviors spatially and temporally.

Patient Preferences for Addressing Unhealthy Behaviors, Mental Health Challenges, and Social Needs in Primary Care.

Objectives: Guidelines recommend addressing health behaviors, mental health, and social needs in primary care. However, it is unclear how often patients want support to address these risks. As part of a randomized trial comparing enhanced care planning versus usual care, we evaluated what risks patients wanted to address.

Benefits of Clinical Decision Support Systems for the Management of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases: Targeted Literature Review.

Background: Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are designed to assist in health care delivery by supporting medical practice with clinical knowledge, patient information, and other relevant types of health information. CDSSs are integral parts of health care technologies assisting in disease management, including diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. While electronic medical records (EMRs) serve as data repositories, CDSSs are used to assist clinicians in providing personalized, context-specific recommendations derived by comparing individual patient data to evidence-based guidelines.

An innovative approach to the multidisciplinary treatment of uninsured breast cancer patients.

Purpose: A significant proportion of many populations remain uninsured. The aim of the study was to assess differences in breast cancer outcomes before and after the implementation of an innovative approach to the multidisciplinary treatment of uninsured breast cancer patients.

Methods: Retrospective review was performed of patients seen at a safety net hospital from January 2000 to December 2020.

Tibial Baseplate Microstructure Governs High Cycle Fatigue Fracture In Vivo.

Previous studies report rare occurrences of tibial baseplate fractures following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, at a microstructural scale, it remains unclear how fatigue models developed in vitro apply to fractures in vivo. In this study, we asked: (1) do any clinical factors differentiate fracture patients from a broader revision sample; and (2) in vivo, how does microstructure influence fatigue crack propagation? We identified three fractured tibial baseplates from an institutional review board exempt implant retrieval program.

Wear, Material Transfer, and Electrocautery Damage Are Ubiquitous on CoCrMo Femoral Knee Retrievals.

Despite high total knee arthroplasty (TKA) survivorship after 10 years (92%-99%), a gap persists where patient satisfaction lags clinical success. Additionally, while cobalt chrome molybdenum (CoCrMo) use decreases in primary total hip arthroplasty, the alloy continues to be widely used in TKA femoral components. In vivo, CoCrMo degradation may be associated with adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) and compared with the hip, the damage mechanisms that may release metal in the knee and the potential biological effects remain poorly understood.

Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe.

This paper is a call to action. By publishing concurrently across journals like an emergency bulletin, we are not merely making a plea for awareness about climate change. Instead, we are demanding immediate, tangible steps that harness the power of microbiology and the expertise of researchers and policymakers to safeguard the planet for future generations.

Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe.

This paper is a call to action. By publishing concurrently across journals like an emergency bulletin, we are not merely making a plea for awareness about climate change. Instead, we are demanding immediate, tangible steps that harness the power of microbiology and the expertise of researchers and policymakers to safeguard the planet for future generations.

Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe.

This paper is a call to action. By publishing concurrently across journals like an emergency bulletin, we are not merely making a plea for awareness about climate change. Instead, we are demanding immediate, tangible steps that harness the power of microbiology and the expertise of researchers and policymakers to safeguard the planet for future generations.

Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe.

This paper is a call to action. By publishing concurrently across journals like an emergency bulletin, we are not merely making a plea for awareness about climate change. Instead, we are demanding immediate, tangible steps that harness the power of microbiology and the expertise of researchers and policymakers to safeguard the planet for future generations.

Improved Metabolic Stability and Silencing Efficacy of siRNAs with Phosphorothioate Linkage-Free, GalNAc-Conjugated Sense Strands Containing Morpholino-LNA Modifications.

To ensure specificity, loading of the sense strand of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into RISC must be inhibited. We show here that siRNAs with 5'- and 6'-morpholino LNA residues or 6'-OH-LNA at the 5' terminus of a fully phosphodiester sense strand resulted in metabolically stable siRNAs with a potency and a duration of action in mice that were greater than those of an siRNA in which the 5' terminus of the sense strand has two terminal phosphorothioate linkages and regular LNA.