Obstetric complications and risk of schizophrenia. Effect of gender, age at diagnosis and maternal history of psychosis.

Background: Obstetric complications have been studied frequently as possible risk factors for schizophrenia.

Aims: To test the hypotheses that individual obstetric complications are most strongly associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in males, in patients with an early age at first diagnosis and in subjects with a maternal history of psychosis.

Method: Cases of schizophrenia diagnosed between January 1971 and June 1994 were identified in the Stockholm County In-Patient Register.

Signs of asphyxia at birth and risk of schizophrenia. Population-based case-control study.

Background: Previous research has found an association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia, but in many studies the sample size was limited, and no assessment of specific exposures was possible.

Aims: To assess the role of different complications, and in particular to distinguish between disordered foetal development and hypoxia at birth.

Method: From the Stockholm County In-Patient Register and community registers, we identified 524 cases of schizophrenia and 1043 controls, matched for age, gender, hospital and parish of birth.

Intrauterine cranial gunshot wound in a 32-week fetus.

Intrauterine cranial gunshot wounds are rare and usually associated with a fatal outcome for the fetus. We present a case where preterm delivery, neonatal intensive care, and later removal of the bullet resulted in a normal child without any untoward sequelae.

Follow-up of children of insulin dependent (type I) and gestational diabetic mothers. Growth pattern, glucose tolerance, insulin response, and HLA types.

Fifty-three children of insulin dependent (IDM) and 20 children of gestational diabetic mothers (IGDM) representing 80 and 91%, respectively, of all surviving infants of diabetic mothers born between 1969 and 1972 at Sabbatsberg's hospital, Stockholm, participated in the follow-up study. The first follow-up examination was performed when the children had reached approximately 5 years of age and included measurement of height and weight, insulin response to intravenous glucose, and HLA typing. When the children were approximately 11 years old, a search was performed in the national register for type I diabetes in children in order to ascertain the frequency of type I diabetes mellitus in the total series (n = 88).

Follow-up of children of insulin-dependent and gestational diabetic mothers. Neuropsychological outcome.

Ninety-four infants of 28 weeks gestation or more were born to 85 women, 64 type I and 21 gestational diabetics, between 1969-1972 at Sabbatsberg's Hospital, Stockholm. Perinatal mortality rate was 6.3%.

Perinatal transmission of tuberculosis: meningitis in mother, disseminated disease in child.

A newborn boy and his mother were found to suffer from widespread tuberculosis. The mycobacteria were apparently transmitted from mother to child via the birth canal or possibly by airborne infection.

Circulatory adaptation in newborn infants of strictly controlled diabetic mothers.

Possible relations between neonatal circulatory function and maternal diabetic control were investigated in 22 infants of strictly controlled diabetic mothers during the first 2 days after birth. Eleven infants were delivered vaginally (V) and 11 infants by elective cesarean section (S). Maternal diabetes was more severe in the latter group.

Ketotic hypoglycemia of childhood--a clinical trial of several unifying etiological hypotheses.

We have studied 15 children referred to St. Göran's Children's Hospital because of suspected ketotic hypoglycemia. The patients were investigated according to a program designed to test several hypotheses--old and new--postulated to explain the etiology of ketotic hypoglycemia.

The effect of feeding on oxygen consumption, RQ and plasma levels of glucose, FFA, and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate in newborn infants of diabetic mothers and small for gestational age infants.

Eight infants of strictly controlled diabetic mothers (IDM), 8 infants of gestational diabetic mothers (IGDM) and 6 small for gestational age infants (SGA) were studied before the first feeding and during an early feeding regimen. In IDMs and IGDMs continuous monitoring from 2 hours up to 7 1/2 hours after birth before feeding revealed no consistent changes of VO2 and RQ. The groups of infants were studied on 4 different occasions: (I) 2 to 16 hours, (II) 1 to 2 days, (III) 3 to 4 days, and (IV) 7 to 11 days.