Therapies for Geographic Atrophy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been proposed to provide a novel opportunity to increase screening for DR. While it is paramount to ensure AI has adequate technical capabilities to perform accurate screening, it is also important to assess how to best implement such technology into clinical practice.

Chromosome-scale assembly of the yellow mealworm genome.

The yellow mealworm beetle, , is a promising alternative protein source for animal and human nutrition and its farming involves relatively low environmental costs. For these reasons, its industrial scale production started this century. However, to optimize and breed sustainable new lines, the access to its genome remains essential.

Optics and Utility of Low-Cost Smartphone-Based Portable Digital Fundus Camera System for Screening of Retinal Diseases.

Purpose: To describe optical principles and utility of inexpensive, portable, non-contact digital smartphone-based camera for the acquisition of fundus photographs for the evaluation of retinal disorders.

Methods: The digital camera has a high-quality glass 25 D condensing lens attached to a 21.4-megapixel smartphone camera.

Intraoperative aberrometry compared to preoperative Barrett True-K formula for intraocular lens power selection in eyes with prior refractive surgery.

To compare the predictive refractive accuracy of intraoperative aberrometry (ORA) to the preoperative Barrett True-K formula in the calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power in eyes with prior refractive surgery undergoing cataract surgery at the Loma Linda University Eye Institute, Loma Linda, California, USA. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with a history of post-myopic or hyperopic LASIK/PRK who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery between October 2016 and March 2020. Pre-operative measurements were performed utilizing the Barrett True-K formula.

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Correlates Well with Initial Intracerebral Hemorrhage Volume.

Objectives: The US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) currently publicly reports hospital-quality, risk-adjusted mortality measure for ischemic stroke but not intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The NIHSS, which is captured in CMS administrative claims data, is a candidate metric for use in ICH risk adjustment and has been shown to predict clinical outcome with accuracy similar to the ICH Score. Correlation between early NIHSS and initial ICH volume would further support use of the NIHSS for ICH risk adjustment.

Baseline retinal thickness measurements with a novel integrated imaging system (concurrent optical coherence tomography and fundus photography) positively correlates with spectralis optical coherence tomography.

Background: Traditionally fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are obtained separately during evaluation of retinal pathology. We describe a novel integrated imaging system (Monaco, Optos) that records both OCT as well as fundus photography concurrently. The present study aims to measure retinal thickness and compare it to OCT obtained with traditional spectral domain OCT in subjects without known retinal disease to establish normative data for clinical use.

Successful Management of Complex Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Congenital Glaucoma.

Retinal detachment in congenital glaucoma is rare and often associated with a poor prognosis. In this report, we describe ocular manifestations of congenital glaucoma, pre- and post-operative ophthalmic findings, and overall anatomic and functional outcomes after successful rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair along with a review of the literature. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a 45-year-old monocular patient with congenital glaucoma was successfully repaired with small gauge pars plana vitrectomy, intra-operative perfluorocarbon use and 1,000 centistoke silicone oil tamponade.

Successful delivery of subretinal aflibercept (new surgical technique) for the treatment of submacular hemorrhage in idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Submacular hemorrhage (SMH) is often a result of trauma, wet age-related macular degeneration or IPCV and frequently leads to blindness secondary to extreme toxicity of hemoglobin products on photoreceptors. We describe a new technique of subretinal aflibercept injection during pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of SMH in idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV). A 55-old male presented with sudden loss of vision (HM) secondary to massive subretinal hemorrhage associated with IPCV.

Intracranial hypertension associated with topical tretinoin use.

Purpose: To report cross-reactivity between topical vitamin A derivatives and tetracycline-class antibiotics.

Observations: A 19-year old woman with a remote history of resolved secondary intracranial hypertension due to minocycline use developed intracranial hypertension while using topical tretinoin alone. Examination demonstrated bilateral optic nerve edema, a right sixth cranial nerve palsy, along with characteristic features of markedly elevated intracranial pressure on imaging.

Successful repair of spontaneous indirect bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula with coil embolization.

Bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a rare disease process, which portends poor visual outcome with delayed diagnosis and treatment. An 82-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of proptosis and decreased vision. A complete ophthalmologic examination along with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain and orbits, and MR angiography and venography of the brain confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral CCF.

Cyclic-di-GMP Induces STING-Dependent ILC2 to ILC1 Shift During Innate Type 2 Lung Inflammation.

Type 2 inflammation is found in most forms of asthma, which may co-exist with recurrent viral infections, bacterial colonization, and host cell death. These processes drive the accumulation of intracellular cyclic-di-nucleotides such as cyclic-di-GMP (CDG). Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are critical drivers of type 2 lung inflammation during fungal allergen exposure in mice; however, it is unclear how CDG regulates lung ILC responses during lung inflammation.

Successful repair of combined tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with pars plana vitrectomy without scleral buckle in severe Behçet's disease.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic, immune-mediated occlusive vasculitis of unknown etiology with a chronic, relapsing remitting course. Ocular involvement is characterized by recurrent nongranulomatous uveitis with necrotizing obliterative vasculitis affecting both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye and often leads to blindness. We describe successful surgical management of a rare case of combined rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) in a patient with Behçet's disease.

Unconventional ST2- and CD127-negative lung ILC2 populations are induced by the fungal allergen Alternaria alternata.

We demonstrate that unconventional ST2- and CD127-negative ILC2 populations are present in mouse lung and are induced by , suggesting commonly used ILC2 identification practices do not accurately enumerate the total burden of type 2 cytokine producing ILC2s.

Endovascular treatment of acute thrombosis of cerebral veins and sinuses.

Acute thrombosis of cerebral veins and sinuses (ATCVS) is a multifactorial disease with grave consequences. Because of its rare occurrence there are no proven treatment guidelines. Sixteen patients with ATCVS were treated.

[The effectiveness of propranolol therapy of subfold hemangioma in the children during the first year of life].

The objective of the present study was to estimate the effectiveness and tolerance of propranolol therapy prescribed to the children presenting with vascular hyperplasia of the larynx. The experience with propranolol therapy of 12 patients suffering vascular hyperplasia of the larynx (subfold hemangioma) is analysed. Nine of these children had been given systemic glucocorticoid therapy prior to the present study that failed to produce a clinically significant effect.

[Clinical evaluation of the influence of certain initial status parameters on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with metabolic syndrome].

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is one of the clinical outcomes of metabolic syndrome (MS). We observed 201 patients with MS during 10 years. At the study end-point 144 (71.

[The effectiveness of rinorin introduced in the combined treatment of chronic adenoiditis in the children].

This study was designed to analyse the effectiveness of combined treatment of chronic adenoiditis in the children with the use of rinorin (Orion, Finland) in comparison with the traditional methods for the management of this condition either combined with irrigation therapy or without it. The results of the study indicate that the application of rinorin enhance the effectiveness of the treatment due to the substantial reduction of the manifestation of clinical symptoms and the frequency of relapses. The patients describe rinorin as a modern convenient-to-use preparation superior to the traditional medicines for the treatment of adenoiditis which improved medication compliance.

[The results of adjuvant therapy of juvenile recurring respiratory papillomatosis with the use of indole-3-carbinol].

The authors analyse the efficacy of anti-relapse therapy of juvenile recurring respiratory papillomatosis in 87 children aged from 2 to 15 years with the use of indole-3-carbinol. Prior to inclusion into this study, the patients underwent from 2 to 86 (mean 12 +/- 14) surgical interventions for the ablation of papillomas. The average interval between successive relapses of papillomas ranged between 2 weeks and 12 months (mean 4.

Integration of distinct intracellular signaling pathways at distal regulatory elements directs T-bet expression in human CD4+ T cells.

T-bet is a key regulator controlling Th1 cell development. This factor is not expressed in naive CD4(+) T cells, and the mechanisms controlling expression of T-bet are incompletely understood. In this study, we defined regulatory elements at the human T-bet locus and determined how signals originating at the TCR and at cytokine receptors are integrated to induce chromatin modifications and expression of this gene during human Th1 cell differentiation.

[Neuroophthalmological aspects of benign intracranial hypertension].

Benign intracranial hypertension (BICH) is characterized by elevated spinal fluid pressure in the absence of space-occupying lesion in the skull, dilated cerebral ventricles, significant neurological disorders, and altered spinal fluid composition. Forty-nine patients with a female predominance were examined. Their age ranged from 4 to 52 years (median 39 years).

[Congestive optic disks in the brain massive lesions].

To study the specific features of development of papilledema (PE) in brain space-occupying lesions, the authors made a statistical analysis of neuroophthalmologic symptoms in 962 patients with brain tumors, colloid cysts of the third ventricle and cholesteatomas, who had been examined at the Research Institute of Neurosurgery during a calendar year. PE was identified in 30.8% of the patients.

[Gastroesophageal reflux disease and pharyngolaryngeal reflux in children with chronic laryngeal pathology].

A prospective non-randomized trial was made to evaluate incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and pharyngolaryngeal reflux (PLR) in children with chronic laryngeal pathology. A total of 46 children aged 6 to 15 years were examined including 16 patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, 15 patients with acquired laryngotracheal scarry stenosis and 15 patients with vocal nodules and functional dysphonia. Combination of GERD with PLR is a factor of risk for scarry laryngostenosis in a child with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.