Correlates of physical activity among community-dwelling adults aged 50 or over in six low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Considering that physical activity is associated with healthy ageing and helps to delay, prevent, or manage a plethora of non-communicable diseases in older adults, there is a need to investigate the factors that influence physical activity participation in this population. Thus, we investigated physical activity correlates among community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥50 years) in six low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health.

Operation Breakthrough in 2017 Builds on the Past.

Operation Breakthrough (OB) is one of Missouri's largest early Head Start program and provides a variety of other services related to early childhood education and family support to low-income families who live in the poorest neighborhoods of Kansas City. Currently 96% of its preschool children enter kindergarten ready to learn. Current CLASS scores for Emotional Support, Organizational Support, and Instructional Support exceed national averages.

Assessing crystal field and magnetic interactions in diuranium-μ-chalcogenide triamidoamine complexes with U-E-U cores (E = S, Se, Te): implications for determining the presence or absence of actinide-actinide magnetic exchange.

We report the synthesis and characterisation of a family of diuranium(iv)-μ-chalcogenide complexes including a detailed examination of their electronic structures and magnetic behaviours. Treatment of [U(Tren)] [, Tren = N(CHCHNSiPr)] with PhPS, selenium or tellurium affords the diuranium(iv)-sulfide, selenide, and telluride complexes [{U(Tren)}(μ-E)] (E = S, ; Se, ; Te, ). Complex is also formed by treatment of [U(Tren){OP(NMe)}] () with PhPS, whereas treatment of with elemental sulfur gives the diuranium(iv)-persulfido complex [{U(Tren)}(μ-η:η-S)] ().

Decreasing the Time to Oral Antibiotics in a University Hospital Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives: To compare time to administration of oral antibiotics in the pediatric emergency department (ED) when antibiotics are stored in the pediatric ED versus when they were dispensed by central pharmacy services within an academic medical center.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients who received a one-time dose of oral antibiotics within the pediatric ED and were subsequently discharged home. Two 3-month time periods were compared to determine the metrics of providing oral antibiotics before and after these medications were stocked in the pediatric ED automated dispensing cabinet (ADC).

Quantification of nanoparticle concentration in colloidal suspensions by a non-destructive optical method.

The estimation of nanoparticle number concentration in colloidal suspensions is a prerequisite in many procedures, and in particular in multi-stage, low-yield reactions. Here, we describe a rapid, non-destructive method based on optical extinction and dynamic light scattering (DLS), which combines measurements using common bench-top instrumentation with a numerical algorithm to calculate the particle size distribution (PSD) and concentration. These quantities were derived from Mie theory applied to measurements of the optical extinction spectrum of homogeneous, non-absorbing nanoparticles, and the relative PSD of a colloidal suspension.

Preferences and actual chemotherapy decision-making in the greater plains collaborative breast cancer study.

Introduction: There is renewed interest in identifying breast cancer patients' participation in decision-making about adjuvant chemotherapy. There is a gap in the literature regarding the impact of these decisions on quality of life (QOL) and quality of care (QOC). Our aims were to determine similarities and differences in how patients diagnosed with breast cancer preferred to make decisions with providers about cancer treatment, to examine the patient's recall of her role when the decision was made about chemotherapy and to determine how preferred and actual roles, as well as congruence between them, relate to QOL and perceived QOC.

Metal concentrations and distributions in the human olfactory bulb in Parkinson's disease.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), the olfactory bulb is typically the first region in the body to accumulate alpha-synuclein aggregates. This pathology is linked to decreased olfactory ability, which becomes apparent before any motor symptoms occur, and may be due to a local metal imbalance. Metal concentrations were investigated in post-mortem olfactory bulbs and tracts from 17 human subjects.

What contributes to action plan enactment? Examining characteristics of physical activity plans.

Objectives: Individuals with chronic conditions can benefit from formulating action plans to engage in regular physical activity. However, the content and the successful translation of plans into action, so-called plan enactment, are rarely adequately evaluated. The aim of this study was to describe the content of user-specified plans and to examine whether participants were more likely to enact their plans if these plans were highly specific, viable, and instrumental.

Correlates of children's independent outdoor play: Cross-sectional analyses from the Millennium Cohort Study.

Time spent outdoors is associated with higher levels of physical activity. To date, correlates of independent outdoor play have not been investigated. This study aimed to identify potential demographic, behavioural, environmental and social correlates of children's independent outdoor play.

Noninvasive Determination of Depth in Transmission Raman Spectroscopy in Turbid Media Based on Sample Differential Transmittance.

Here we propose a simple noninvasive approach to determine the depth of a buried object using transmission Raman spectroscopy. In accordance with theory, the photons arising from spectral peaks that are suitably separated will be subjected to different optical properties in the media through which they travel. These differences can impact the relative intensities of Raman peaks as a function of the transmission path length, thereby the depth of signal generation is inherently encoded in the spectra.

Health promotion interventions for community-dwelling older people with mild or pre-frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mild or pre-frailty is common and associated with increased risks of hospitalisation, functional decline, moves to long-term care, and death. Little is known about the effectiveness of health promotion in reducing these risks. This systematic review aimed to synthesise randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating home and community-based health promotion interventions for older people with mild/pre-frailty.

Physical activity levels in children with sensory problems: Cross-sectional analyses from the Millennium Cohort Study.

Background: Hearing and vision impairments/problems are associated with increased risk of premature mortality in adulthood. One potential pathway explaining this association is reduced levels of physical activity. Reductions in activity levels due to sensory impairments may commence earlier in life; however, associations between sensory impairments/problems and activity levels in childhood are not well understood.

Crystalline Diuranium Phosphinidiide and μ-Phosphido Complexes with Symmetric and Asymmetric UPU Cores.

Reaction of [U(Tren )(PH )] (1, Tren =N(CH CH NSiPr ) ) with C H CH K and [U(Tren )(THF)][BPh ] (2) afforded a rare diuranium parent phosphinidiide complex [{U(Tren )} (μ-PH)] (3). Treatment of 3 with C H CH K and two equivalents of benzo-15-crown-5 ether (B15C5) gave the diuranium μ-phosphido complex [{U(Tren )} (μ-P)][K(B15C5) ] (4). Alternatively, reaction of [U(Tren )(PH)][Na(12C4) ] (5, 12C4=12-crown-4 ether) with [U{N(CH CH NSiMe Bu ) CH CH NSi(Me)(CH )(Bu )}] (6) produced the diuranium μ-phosphido complex [{U(Tren )}(μ-P){U(Tren )}][Na(12C4) ] [7, Tren =N(CH CH NSiMe Bu ) ].

Comparing motivational, self-regulatory and habitual processes in a computer-tailored physical activity intervention in hospital employees - protocol for the PATHS randomised controlled trial.

Background: Most people do not engage in sufficient physical activity to confer health benefits and to reduce risk of chronic disease. Healthcare professionals frequently provide guidance on physical activity, but often do not meet guideline levels of physical activity themselves. The main objective of this study is to develop and test the efficacy of a tailored intervention to increase healthcare professionals' physical activity participation and quality of life, and to reduce work-related stress and absenteeism.

On Your Feet to Earn Your Seat: pilot RCT of a theory-based sedentary behaviour reduction intervention for older adults.

Background: Of all age groups, older adults spend most of the time sitting and are least physically active. This sequential, mixed-methods feasibility study used a randomised controlled trial design to assess methods for trialling a habit-based intervention to displace older adults' sedentary behaviour with light activity and explore impact on behavioural outcomes.

Methods: Eligibility criteria were age 60-74 years, retired, and ≥6 h/day leisure sitting.

Isotope (δC, δN, δH) diet-tissue discrimination in African grey parrot Psittacus erithacus: implications for forensic studies.

Diet-tissue isotopic relationships established under controlled conditions are informative for determining the dietary sources and geographic provenance of organisms. We analysed δC, δN, and non-exchangeable δH values of captive African grey parrot Psittacus erithacus feathers grown on a fixed mixed-diet and borehole water. Diet-feather ΔC and ΔN discrimination values were +3.

The Decussating Fibers of the Lumbar Thoracolumbar Fascia: A Landmark for Identifying the L5 Spinous Process?

Background: The thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) has been well studied and is known to have crisscrossing fibers. Based on surgical experience, we hypothesized that the decussating fibers of the TLF may indicate a specific vertebral level and performed an anatomic study.

Methods: Twenty adult fresh frozen cadavers aged 72-84 years at death were placed in the prone position, and the skin of the lumbar and upper sacrum was removed.

Patient Experiences of Swallowing Exercises After Head and Neck Cancer: A Qualitative Study Examining Barriers and Facilitators Using Behaviour Change Theory.

Poor patient adherence to swallowing exercises is commonly reported in the dysphagia literature on patients treated for head and neck cancer. Establishing the effectiveness of exercise interventions for this population may be undermined by patient non-adherence. The purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to exercise adherence from a patient perspective, and to determine the best strategies to reduce the barriers and enhance the facilitators.

Fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis in a zoological collection of meerkats ().

Two confirmed cases of fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis occurred in an urban zoological collection of meerkats (Suricata suricatta). Both cases are suspected to be the result of feral cats gaining access to the enclosure. Toxoplasmosis has rarely been documented in meerkats.

Does the Convergent Validity of the PAI Antisocial Features Scale Depend on Offender Response Style?

Researchers have recently questioned the utility of the response style indicators included on many self-report measures of personality and psychopathology. We examined whether the size of convergent validity coefficients for Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Antisocial Features (ANT) scores depends on PAI validity scale scores. Using PAI and Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) scores from 477 offenders evaluated for civil commitment as sexually violent predators, we found that PAI Positive Impression (PIM), Negative Impression (NIM), Malingering Index (MAL), Defensiveness Index (DEF), and Infrequency (INF) scores moderated the association between ANT and PCL-R scores.

Improving swallowing outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer using a theory-based pretreatment swallowing intervention package: protocol for a randomised feasibility study.

Introduction: The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the UK is rising, with an average of 31 people diagnosed daily. Patients affected by HNC suffer significant short-term and long-term post-treatment morbidity as a result of dysphagia, which affects daily functioning and quality of life (QOL). Pretreatment swallowing exercises may provide additional benefit over standard rehabilitation in managing dysphagia after primary HNC treatments, but uncertainty about their effectiveness persists.

Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice From a Learning Perspective.

Introduction: For many nurses and other health care practitioners, implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) presents two interlinked challenges: acquisition of EBP skills and adoption of evidence-based interventions and abandonment of ingrained non-evidence-based practices.

Aims: The purpose of this study to describe two modes of learning and use these as lenses for analyzing the challenges of implementing EBP in health care.

Methods: The article is theoretical, drawing on learning and habit theory.

Mechanism of Action of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty and Predictors of Response.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the changes in aqueous humor dynamics (AHD) produced by selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) and to explore if baseline AHD parameters are predictive of IOP response to SLT.

Methods: Thirty-one consecutive subjects diagnosed with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma scheduled to undergo SLT as their primary IOP-lowering therapy were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Subjects underwent baseline assessment of AHD in both eyes.

Specifying the content of home-based health behaviour change interventions for older people with frailty or at risk of frailty: an exploratory systematic review.

Objectives: To identify trials of home-based health behaviour change interventions for frail older people, describe intervention content and explore its potential contribution to intervention effects.

Design: 15 bibliographic databases, and reference lists and citations of key papers, were searched for randomised controlled trials of home-based behavioural interventions reporting behavioural or health outcomes.

Setting: Participants' homes.

How did the public respond to the 2015 expert consensus public health guidance statement on workplace sedentary behaviour? A qualitative analysis.

Background: In June 2015, an expert consensus guidance statement was published recommending that office workers accumulate 2-4 h of standing and light activity daily and take regular breaks from prolonged sitting. This paper describes public responses to media coverage of the guidance, so as to understand public acceptability of the recommendations within the guidance, and perceptions of sitting and standing as health behaviours.

Methods: UK news media websites that had reported on the sedentary workplace guidance statement, and permitted viewers to post comments responding to the story, were identified.