: An Important Pea Root Rot Pathogen in France to Watch Out For?

Root rot pathogens restrict pea and wheat production globally. In the EU, pea and pea-based cereal mixtures are being promoted; however, root rot pathogen dynamics in such mixtures are poorly understood. Winter pea and wheat were grown either in pure stands or in mixtures in the field in western France, and the severity of root rot in pea, wheat, and their mixtures, as well as the key pathogens associated with these crops, were assessed.

A momentary lack of rituals: urban festivities cancelations in Geneva, Turin, and Zurich during the COVID-19 lockdowns.

Rituals of territorial belonging as established practices of inclusion improve dynamics of belonging and coexistence. They are particularly significant in the city where people need rituals to trust each other. But what happens when rituals disappear? The Covid-19 pandemic is an experiment on a societal level on the role of rituals.

Exploring microstructure and petrophysical properties of microporous volcanic rocks through 3D multiscale and super-resolution imaging.

Digital rock physics offers powerful perspectives to investigate Earth materials in 3D and non-destructively. However, it has been poorly applied to microporous volcanic rocks due to their challenging microstructures, although they are studied for numerous volcanological, geothermal and engineering applications. Their rapid origin, in fact, leads to complex textures, where pores are dispersed in fine, heterogeneous and lithified matrices.

Impact of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Vertical Gastrectomy on weight loss: a retrospective and longitudinal study in the State of Paraná, Brazil.

Aim: to compare the impact of Roux's Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) techniques on body weight reduction over 1 and 5 years after bariatric surgery in obese patients in the state of Paraná.

Methods: longitudinal and retrospective study, conducted between January 2010 and December 2013, with 737 patients of both sexes submitted to RYGB or SG and evaluated in the preoperative, 1 and 5 years after bariatric surgery (BS). Age, height, body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), biochemical and pressure parameters were recorded.

Bayesian pooling versus sequential integration of small preclinical trials: a comparison within linear and nonlinear modeling frameworks.

Bayesian sequential integration is an appealing approach in drug development, as it allows to recursively update posterior distributions as soon as new data become available, thus considerably reducing the computation time. However, preclinical trials are often characterized by small sample sizes, which may affect the estimation process during the first integration steps, particularly when complex PK-PD models are used. In this case, sequential integration would not be practicable, and trials should be pooled together.

Futures of digital death: Past, present and charting emerging research agenda.

This special issue entitled "Futures of Digital Death: Mobilities of Loss and Commemoration" explores the topic of digital death and how technologies are reconfigured by and reconfiguring social relationships with the deceased and dying loved ones as well as the larger ecosystem supporting such relationships. This Introduction article starts with an overview of the past research on digital death intended to provide a relevant context for the five papers included in this issue. Then, we reflect on how the current papers, or the present research, build on the past and can be used to address existing gaps and to inform future new research directions in order to move the field forward.

Bayesian sequential integration within a preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling framework: Lessons learned.

The present manuscript aims to discuss the implications of sequential knowledge integration of small preclinical trials in a Bayesian pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) framework. While, at first sight, a Bayesian PK-PD framework seems to be a natural framework to allow for sequential knowledge integration, the scope of this paper is to highlight some often-overlooked challenges while at the same time providing some guidances in the many and overwhelming choices that need to be made. Challenges as well as opportunities will be discussed that are related to the impact of (1) the prior specification, (2) the choice of random effects, (3) the type of sequential integration method.

A Bayesian K-PD model for synergy: A case study.

Coadministration of 2 or more compounds can alter both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of individual compounds. While experiments on pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions are usually performed in an in vitro setting, this experiment focuses on an in vivo setting. The change over time of a safety biomarker is modeled using an indirect response model, in which the virtual pharmacokinetic profile of one compound drives the effect of the other.

Combining evidence from multiple electronic health care databases: performances of one-stage and two-stage meta-analysis in matched case-control studies.

Purpose: Clustering of patients in databases is usually ignored in one-stage meta-analysis of multi-database studies using matched case-control data. The aim of this study was to compare bias and efficiency of such a one-stage meta-analysis with a two-stage meta-analysis.

Methods: First, we compared the approaches by generating matched case-control data under 5 simulated scenarios, built by varying: (1) the exposure-outcome association; (2) its variability among databases; (3) the confounding strength of one covariate on this association; (4) its variability; and (5) the (heterogeneous) confounding strength of two covariates.

Coping With Loss: Mapping Digital Rituals for the Expression of Grief.

Although death has been frequently discussed in health communication, there has been a lack of research on coping with loss. Nevertheless, there are many websites and social network sites that offer suggestions to people as to how to cope with loss, including sites for support, sharing of experiences, and expressing grief. This article provides a theoretical understanding of grief by considering it as an emotional experience in terms of how it is expressed, its consequences, and the confrontation between the offline and online grief experience.

Histochemical characterization of early response to Cochliobolus sativus infection in selected barley genotypes.

Much effort is being made to breed barley with durable resistance to leaf spot blotch incited by Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus). We hypothesized that susceptibility and resistance traits in 11 diverse barley genotypes inoculated with a single C. sativus isolate might specify a range of distinct host cell responses.

Insights on PRAME and osteosarcoma by means of gene expression profiling.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent bone tumor in children and adolescents. Tumor antigens are encoded by genes that are expressed in many types of solid tumors but are silent in normal tissues, with the exception of placenta and male germ-line cells. It has been proposed that antigen tumors are potential tumor markers.

Comparison of quality of internet pages on human papillomavirus immunization in Italian and in English.

Purpose: Information available on the Internet about immunizations may influence parents' perception about human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization and their attitude toward vaccinating their daughters. We hypothesized that the quality of information on HPV available on the Internet may vary with language and with the level of knowledge of parents. To this end we compared the quality of a sample of Web pages in Italian with a sample of Web pages in English.

First Report of a Leaf Spot of Barley Caused by Drechslera gigantea in Uruguay.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare), an important crop in Uruguay, is vulnerable to several foliar diseases. In early November 2001, leaves displaying unusual lesions were observed in a commercial barley crop and research plots in the Paysandu District of western Uruguay. Lesions were small, elliptical, tan-colored to necrotic, approximately 4 × 1 mm, and had a narrow, dark brown margin.