[Possible use of the growing liver biological set for hepatic recovery after toxic damage (an experimental study)].

The lack of acceptable pharmacological approaches for restoration of the injured liver is associated with complex of mechanisms involved in hepatic regeneration and with difficulty of the target selection. The aim of this research was to study the hepatoprotective function of the extract from both the growing and regenerating liver containing a natural set of factors crucial for the hepatic restoration. Extracts from both regenerating liver of rats after 70% hepatic resection and the growing liver of neonatal pigs were obtained using own original technique.

[The classification of obstructive jaundice severity].

It was analyzed the results of examination and surgical treatment of 338 patients with obstructive jaundice. The patients were operated in 2004-2012 years. 148 patients had benign jaundice and 190 patients had malignancy genesis of jaundice.

[Rate of biliary ducts' decompression by the tumorous obstructive jaundice].

Results of biliary decompression were analyzed in 185 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Among them 85 patients underwent nasobiliary drainage, 37 - percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage and 63 - cholecystectomy. Dynamics in biochemical indices of blood serum, cholangiomanometry and jaundice response to decompression according to T.

[Postoperative biliary complications after liver resections].

Postoperative biliary complications (BC) after liver resections carried out from 1990 to 2009 were analyzed in 216 patients. Among them - 139 women and 77 men aged 15-79 years (mean age 49,8±0,9 years). Complications in early postoperative period were observed in 110 patients (50,9%); among them BC - in 27 patients (12,2%), bilomas - in 6, external biliation - in 14, abscesses - in 7.

[Intraoperative injuries of bile ducts].

125 patients with injuries of bile ducts were observed from 1988 to 2008 years. Minor injuries (ducts in the bed of the gall bladder) were registered in 64 patients. Magistral bile ducts were injured in 61 cases.

[The role of biliary decompression and correction of dysbiosis in the treatment of obstructive jaundice].

The article providing in-depth analysis of pathogenesis of obstructive jaundice shows that this disease is manifest not only as changes at the hepatic level (cholestasis, cholehemia, cholangitis, cholangio- and lymphovenous shunts, hepatic encephalopathy) but also as marked dysbiotic disturbances due to anacholia and toxic metabolites that cause bacterial translocation and endotoxemia complicating liver insufficiency. Based on the literary data and original observations, a new scheme for the treatment of obstructive jaundice is proposed including simultaneous correction of both components of hepatoenteric turnover, also, it permits to improve the outcome of the postoperative period.

[Relationship of tumor necrosis factor alpha expression with activation of sphingomyelinase and lipid peroxidation after removal of cholestatic factor].

The goal of this work was to study the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), sphingomyelin cycle activation, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes after the removal of a cholestatic factor in the liver subjected to different durations of cholestasis. Restored bile flow after a 9-day hepatic cholestasis normalized sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity and levels of TNFalpha and LPO products. The removal of a cholestatic factor after a 12-day cholestasis did not normalize the studied parameters: SMase activity and the levels of TNFalpha and LPO products remained much higher compared to control.

[Chronic pancreatitis: resective and decompressive procedures].

Purpose: Definition of resective and decompressive operations in chronic pancreatitis.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analyses of surgical management of 51 chronic pancreatitis patients is carried out. 24 patients underwent longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (PA), 27--pancreatic head ( PH) resective procedures: Beger--5, modified Frey (PH intraparenchimatose resection-- IR, supposing removal of fibrous masses from the ventral and greater part of the dorsal PH)--22.

[Changes in sphingomyelinase activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha level, and lipid peroxidation rate in the course of development of cholestatic liver injury].

Changes in sphingomyelinase activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha expression, and lipid peroxidation rate in the course of development of cholestatic liver injury have been studied. The same type phase shifts in the parameters analyzed were observed, which included a marked decrease at the early stages of cholestasis (days 3-6) and a pronounced increase at the later stages (days 12-16), i.e.

[Causes, diagnosis and surgical treatment of strictures of lobar and segmental hepatic ducts].

Causes of strictures of lobar and segmental ducts after their injuries during open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 53 patients were analyzed. For correction of bile outflow precision non-wireframe (n=22) and wireframe (n=20) anastomoses were used. In 10 patients a combined anastomosis was established.

[Diagnosis and treatment of different types of high scar strictures of the hepatic ducts].

Results of treatment of 224 patients with scar strictures of the hepatic ducts (BSDH) are presented. Based on Bismuth's classification of BSDH E.I.

Expression of prolactin receptors in human liver during cholestasis of different etiology and secondary liver cancer.

Indirect immunoperoxidase assay and computer analysis of photographic images revealed more intensive expression of prolactin receptors in hepatocytes of women compared to men. The intensity of expression was maximum in secondary liver cancer, high in obstructive jaundice of different etiology, and less pronounced in cholelithiasis. The expression of prolactin receptors in cholangiocytes was higher than in hepatocytes and was maximum during obstructive jaundice of different etiology.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of pancreonecrosis].

Actual problems of diagnosis and treatment of pancreonecrosis (PN) are discussed. Results of treatment of 154 patients hospitalized with sterile necrosis SN (n = 133) and infected PN (n = 21) were analyzed. SN became infected in 49 patients.

[Selective-occlusive method of drug administration in the treatment of experimental liver tumors].

263 experimental studies on 184 rats were carried out. Hepatic tumors were provoked by intraparenchymatous implantation of 0.1 ml 20% tumoral suspension of mucous cancer (RS-I).

[Treatment of extrahepatic bile ducts injuries due to laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

The department of hepatic surgery of I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy has gained experience of treatment of 25 patients with injuries of bile ducts inficted in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE).

[Hepatoprotective action of phosphogliv in surgery of patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis].

32 patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis were treated by a new preparation. Phosphogliv (on the base of polyunsaturated phospholipids)--5 days before planned surgery and 5 days after. The increase of alanine and asparagine aminotransferases activities and of bilirubin concentration (2-2.

[Changes in the activity of neutral and acidic isoforms of sphingomyelinase in hepatoma-22, regenerating and ischemic liver].

Activity of neutral and acidic sphingomyelinases (N- and A-SMases) were studied in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy (during 48 hrs after operation), in ischemic liver during 15, 30 min and 1 and 2 hrs ischemia and during following reperfusion (from 5 min up to 2 hrs), in hepatoma- 22 after 15 days of transplantation and in liver of tumor bearing animals. It was shown that activity of N-SMase is increased in hepatoma-22 and in regenerating liver and it is decreased in ischemic liver. Following reperfusion of ischemic liver area activity of enzyme was found to have returned to baseline in dependence on time of ischemia and reperfusion.

[Biliary sepsis: some peculiarities of pathogenesis].

Results of clinical study of 87 biliary sepsis patients and experimental study on 54 rats with obstructive jaundice and cholangitis are presented. Own and literary data are compared. Specific immune and portal haemodynamic changes, provoced by obstructive jaundice are main pathogenic factors defining specific course of biliary sepsis.

[Treatment of cicatricial strictures fo hepatic ducts].

Retrospective evaluation of experience in treatment of 378 patients (1972-1997 years) with cicatricial stricture of hepatic ducts is presented. For the period for 1972 to 1986 years the basic principle consisted in obligatory use of a drainage--frame for prolonged (not less than 2 years) drainage of the biliary anastomosis aimed at a decrease of the recurrence risk. Changeable transhepatic drainage (CTD) was used.

[Iatrogenic injuries of bile ducts during cholecystectomy].

Having analyzed case histories 266 patients with cicatrical strictures of bile ducts, due to iatrogenic trauma in cholecystectomy who were admitted to clinic for reconstructive operation, the authors established that in 53% of patients the injury of bile ducts was not revealed during the operation. In missed bile ducts injury there were 5 varieties of clinical manifestations in the early postoperative period: 1) mechanical jaundice (72 patients); 2) exterior bile leakage (33 patients); 3) diffuse biliary peritonitis (23 patients); 4) mechanical jaundice and exterior bile leakage (5 patients); 5) mechanical jaundice and subhepatic abscess formation (6 patients). From 117 patients in whom iatrogenic trauma of the biliary tract was revealed in cholecystectomy, in 55 biliobiliary anastomosis was carried out, in 40--biliodigestive anastomosis in 22-external drainage procedure of biliary tract was accomplished.

[Urinary enzymes in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

In patients suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with or without preclinical and clinical signs of diabetic nephropathy, the degree of epithelial cell lesions in the renal tubules was assessed from the urinary activities of enzymes at various sites, such as lysosomal (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta-galactosidase (beta-GA)), brush edge membranous (alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), and cytosolic (alpha-glucosidase (alpha-GL)). Patients from Groups 1 and 2 had no preclinical and clinical signs of nephropathy. In Group 1 patients, the magnitude of enzymuria was not different from that in normalcy.

[Endoscopic removal of calculi from the choledochus. Are there debatable questions in this problem?].

The article generalizes experience (1986-1991) in the treatment of 246 patients with choledocholithiasis with the performance of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy. Most patients (61%) were over 60 years of age, many had serious concomitant diseases. Among patients with occlusion of the bile ducts, 53.