[Possibilities of using bioregulatory peptide in prostate diseases].

Data on the possibilities of using the bioregulatory peptide Prostatex is presented in the literature review, based on results of various studies for different prostate diseases.

[Antimicrobial activity of nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin, furazidine and furazidine potassium) against uropatogenic Escherichia Coli isolated from patients with lower urinary tract infections].

Currently, the problem of antibiotic resistance is of great relevance to society not only for medical, but also for social and economic reasons. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens have a longer course, more often require hospitalization, and increase the risk of mortality. The antimicrobial resistance is most relevant for hospitals in the case of the development of nosocomial infections.

[Artificial intelligence and large language models: challenges and prospects in research and medicine].

With the development and spread of artificial intelligence, technologies based on the neural networks (for example, large language models) have attracted the most attention as promising methods for analyzing and processing data in various fields. Large language models (LLMs) are systems trained on huge amounts of text data and capable of generating answers to user queries. Examples of well-known LLMs are ChatGPT, Bing, Sparrow, BlenderBot, Bard, YandexGPT, GigaChat and others.

Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Is Associated with Corpus Callosum Microstructure Changes Based on Diffusion MRI.

Unlabelled: The cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is one of the main causes of vascular and mixed cognitive impairment (CI), and it is associated, in particular, with brain ageing. An understanding of structural tissue changes in an intact cerebral white matter in cSVD might allow one to develop the sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression.

Purpose Of The Study: to evaluate microstructural changes in the corpus callosum (CC) using diffusion MRI (D-MRI) approaches in cSVD patients with different severity of CI and reveal the most sensitive correlations of diffusion metrics with CI.

[Urinary tract infection and overactive bladder. Is there an association?].

A discussion of key research findings dedicated to the relationship between urinary tract infection (UTI) and overactive bladder (OAB) is presented in the article. The results of the publications support the concept that UTI may be an underappreciated contributor to the development of OAB in some patients and vice versa. This information raises a number of questions regarding the treatment and diagnosis of OAB and UTI.

[Modern view on the problem of diagnostics of renal angiomioadenomatous tumor].

Introduction: Angiomyoadenomatous tumor as a nosological entity is not included in the latest version of the International Histological Classification of Kidney Tumors (WHO, 2022) and is related to provisional entity. Currently, there is no consensus among researchers about the nosological affiliation of an angiomyoadenomatous tumor.

Aim: To comparatively analyze the histological, immunophenotypic, ultrastructural and molecular parameters of renal angiomyoadenomatous tumor and clear cell papillary renal cell tumor.

[Identifying the neurostimulation target for treatment of cognitive impairment in aging and early cerebral small vessel disease].

Objective: To develop individualized approaches to the use of neuromodulation as a non-pharmacological treatment of cognitive impairment (CI) based on the assessment of compensatory brain reserves in functional MRI (fMRI).

Material And Methods: Twenty-one adults over 45 years of age, representing a continuum from healthy norm to mild cognitive impairment due to aging and early cerebral small vessel disease, were studied. All participants underwent fMRI while performing two executive tasks - a modified Stroop task and selective counting.

[Morphological and molecular portrait hybrid renal tumors].

Unlabelled: A hybrid tumor is not officially included in the latest International Histological Classification of Kidney Tumors (WHO, 2022), however, according to the literature, a number of researchers still consider a hybrid tumor as an independent nosological unit. In this regard, the development of morphological and molecular genetic criteria for a hybrid tumor, today, is the main task in the differential diagnosis of oncocytic renal tumors.

Aim: Our aim was to carry out to identify immunohistochemical, ultrastructural features and determine the molecular profile of hybrid renal tumors.

[Language, cultural adaptation and validation of the OABSS (Overactive Bladder Symptom Score) questionnaire in patients with overactive bladder].

Aim: To perform language and cultural adaptation and validation of the OABSS (Overactive Bladder Symptom Score) questionnaire among patients with overactive bladder (OAB), proposed as an effective tool for assessing the severity of symptoms and the efficiency of treatment in clinics of the Russian Federation.

Materials And Methods: In accordance with the protocols for carrying out such studies, the procedure of standardized forward-backward translation of the OABSS questionnaire was performed. Further, the intermediate Russian-language version was applied to 15 patients with subsequent correction of deficiencies and approval of the final Russian-language version of the questionnaire.

[Ureteral obstruction and segmental ureteral stents].

Currently, various types of stents are widely used in urological practice. One of the indications is the presence of upper urinary tract strictures. The factors leading to the development of strictures can be endogenous and exogenous, iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic, benign and malignant.

[Controlled arterial hypertension and blood-brain barrier damage in patients with age-related cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairments].

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between blood pressure (BP) profile and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in age-related cerebral microangiopathy (CMA) in patients with- and without controlled arterial hypertension (AH).

Material And Methods: 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), brain MRI, including T1-weighted dynamic contrast images, were performed in 53 patients with CMA (age 60.1±6.

[Challenges in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of encrusted cystitis].

Encrusted cystitis (IC) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of the bladder characterized by mucosal inflammation with encrustations. This pathological process is directly related to the activity of urea-splitting bacteria in the urine. Bladder encrustations are deposits of ammonium and magnesium phosphate, as well as struvite, on the surface of the urothelium.

[Urinary incontinence in women and its impact on quality of life].

The prevalence of urinary incontinence at a young age is 20-30%, gradually increasing to 40% among older women. Urinary incontinence affects many areas of the patient's life, including social, psychological, work, sexual, etc. The main causative factors, which also influence on its severity, include age, pregnancy, childbirth and obesity.

[Modern molecular-genetic aspects of histological variants of renal cell carcinoma].

The article presents the main molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma. The molecular pathways that determine the development of histological variants of renal cell carcinoma and the role of stem cells markers in the carcinogenesis of these tumors are considered.

[Overactive bladder in the structure of somatized depression].

In everyday practice, urologists often encounter clinical manifestations of overactive bladder (OAB), without of organic or infectious disease. In such cases, OAB may appears in the structure of a somatized (more often depressive) disorder, and therefore an integrated psychosomatic approach to such patient management is becoming increasingly relevant. The relevance of studying the topic is due to the high prevalence of OAB symptoms, its recurrent course, insufficient effectiveness of urological treatment, a significant decrease in the quality of life and working capacity of the socially active part of the adult population.

[Efficacy of Uronext in chronic recurrent bacterial-viral cystitis with multiple resistance to antibacterial drugs].

Chronic recurrent cystitis (CRC) is one of the most common diseases of the lower urinary tract in the female population. Difficulties in diagnosis and treatment, despite the observance of modern clinical recommendations for CRC, are due to the versatility and polyetiology of the pathogenesis of the disease. The most difficult and discussed section of this problem is the diagnosis and treatment of CRC of papillomavirus (PV) etiology.

[Predictors and integrative index of severity of cognitive disorders in cerebral microangiopathy].

Objective: To search for sensitive predictors of cognitive impairment (CI) and an integrative index of their severity.

Material And Methods: We assessed CI and diffusion-tensor MRI (DT-MRI) in the regions of interest (ROI) significant for CI in 74 patients (48 women, mean age 60.6±6.

Headache onset after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are used to reduce the risk of developing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite the significant benefits in terms of reduced risk of hospitalization and death, different adverse events may present after vaccination: among them, headache is one of the most common, but nowadays there is no summary presentation of its incidence and no description of its main features.

Methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE covering the period between January 1 2020 and August 6, 2021, looking for record in English and with an abstract and using three main search terms (with specific variations): COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination; headache/adverse events.

[Ultrastructural features of histological variants of renal cell carcinoma].

The article presents the main electron microscopic signs of the main histological variants of renal cell carcinoma. The ultrastructural profiles of rare forms of renal cell carcinoma included in the latest International Histological Classification of Kidney Tumors (WHO, 2016) are considered.

[Outpatient urodynamic monitoring in patients with BPH: world and russian experience].

Outpatient urodynamic monitoring (AUM) - registration of the patients urination parameters for a certain time (for example, during the day), which is carried out in natural conditions for him. Monitoring allows you to identify hidden or periodically occurring (circadian) changes, which are not always possible to record with a single study. The research was searched in the PubMed and Elibrary.

[Respiratory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease].

For a long time it was believed that respiratory disorders (RD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are rare. However, the situation has changed dramatically over the past 10 years. Thus, special studies have revealed RD in almost half of patients with PD.

[Congenital hypopituitarism with monosomy of chromosome 18].

Congenital hypopituitarism is a rare disease. It can be caused by isolated inborn defects of the pituitary, gene mutations (PROP1, PIT1), and chromosomal abnormalities.Deletions of chromosome 18 (De Grouchy syndrome types 1 and 2) are a group of rare genetic diseases with a frequency of 1:50,000.

[A complicated case of calcium urolithiasis in a carrier of SLC7A9 gene mutation responsible for cystinuria].

The article describes a clinical case of kidney stone disease (KSD) in a child of 4 y.o. with calcium urolithiasis.