The Potential of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinopathy during women's reproductive age. PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder featuring specific cardiometabolic properties. The association between the presence of metabolic disorders and PCOS supports the claim that the regulation of glycemic status is very important in these patients.

A noncanonical response to replication stress protects genome stability through ROS production, in an adaptive manner.

Cells are inevitably challenged by low-level/endogenous stresses that do not arrest DNA replication. Here, in human primary cells, we discovered and characterized a noncanonical cellular response that is specific to nonblocking replication stress. Although this response generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), it induces a program that prevents the accumulation of premutagenic 8-oxoguanine in an adaptive way.

Characterization of DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activities of PARP2 and PARP3: new insights into DNA ADP-ribosylation.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) act as DNA break sensors and catalyze the synthesis of polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) covalently attached to acceptor proteins at DNA damage sites. It has been demonstrated that both mammalian PARP1 and PARP2 PARylate double-strand break termini in DNA oligonucleotide duplexes in vitro. Here, we show that mammalian PARP2 and PARP3 can PARylate and mono(ADP-ribosyl)ate (MARylate), respectively, 5'- and 3'-terminal phosphate residues at double- and single-strand break termini of a DNA molecule containing multiple strand breaks.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases covalently modify strand break termini in DNA fragments in vitro.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs/ARTDs) use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to catalyse the synthesis of a long branched poly(ADP-ribose) polymer (PAR) attached to the acceptor amino acid residues of nuclear proteins. PARPs act on single- and double-stranded DNA breaks by recruiting DNA repair factors. Here, in in vitro biochemical experiments, we found that the mammalian PARP1 and PARP2 proteins can directly ADP-ribosylate the termini of DNA oligonucleotides.

Alterations of cervical cytology and steroid contraceptive use.

The alterations of cervical cytology in 3206 'users' of steroid contraceptives (SC) and 2394 'non-users' (controls) have been followed by means of five surveys for eight years. The alterations of cervical cytology have not differed significantly between the two groups seven years after the first examination, but have differed significantly between younger and older women in both groups. The incidence of progression to and regression from PAP III class cytology was more frequent than the prevalence, but again it did not differ significantly between users of SC and controls.