Regional Anesthesia and Surgical Volume in Children Undergoing Nuss Repair: A Multicenter Review.

Introduction: Regional anesthetic approach and surgical volume have been shown to outcomes in patients undergoing Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum. However, their independent relationship is not described. We investigated how regional anesthesia and surgical volume are associated with length of stay (LOS), postoperative opioid use, operating room utilization, and complications.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare entity, with limited documented cases in the medical literature. Herein, we present a case of primary prostatic squamous cell carcinoma in a male in his 60s, detailing the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, histopathological findings and treatment. Our case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with this uncommon malignancy.

Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction across the spectrum of hereditary and acquired muscle disorders.

Mitochondria form a dynamic network within skeletal muscle. This network is not only responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation, but also responds through fission, fusion and mitophagy to various factors, such as increased energy demands, oxidative stress, inflammation, and calcium dysregulation. Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle not only occurs in primary mitochondrial myopathies, but also other hereditary and acquired myopathies.

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in High-Risk Pediatric Trauma Patients.

Importance: The indications, safety, and efficacy of chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (cVTE) in pediatric trauma patients remain unclear. A set of high-risk criteria to guide cVTE use was recently recommended; however, these criteria have not been evaluated prospectively.

Objective: To examine high-risk criteria and cVTE use in a prospective multi-institutional study of pediatric trauma patients.