Zn-Induced Cytotoxicity and Mitochondrial Stress in Microglia: Implications of the Protective Role of Immunoglobulin G In Vitro.

Background: Zinc (Zn), an essential micronutrient, regulates and maintains neurological functions. However, both Zn deficiency and excess can cause oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. As previously reported, immunoglobulin G (IgG) can modulate oxidative stress in various disorders.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Despite advances in cancer treatment, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, remains a major public health problem worldwide. The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating tumor progression and resistance to therapy, and in HCC, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by an abundance of immunosuppressive cells and signals that facilitate immune evasion and metastasis. Recently, anti-cancer immunotherapies, therapeutic interventions designed to modulate the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer, have become an important cornerstone of cancer therapy.

Relationship between immune checkpoint proteins and neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer.

Introduction: Following major developments in cancer immunotherapy, treatments targeting immune checkpoint proteins (ICP) gained interest in breast cancer, though studies mostly focus on patients with metastatic disease as well as patients nonresponsive to the conventional treatments. Herein, we aimed to investigate the levels of ICP in tumor stroma and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and tumor tissue prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy administration to evaluate the relationship between ICP levels, clinicopathological parameters, and NAC response.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted with 51 patients where PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, CD24 and CD44 levels were investigated in CD45 cells while CD326, CD24, CD44 and PD-L1 protein expression levels were investigated in CD45 population.

Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - role of the innate and adaptive immunity.

This review aims to summarize the latest evidence about the role of innate and adaptive immunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, which involves essential cells of the immune system that play a basic role in innate or adaptive immunity, that can be neurotoxic or neuroprotective for neurons. However, distinguishing between the sole neurotoxic or neuroprotective function of certain cells such as astrocytes can be challenging due to intricate nature of these cells, the complexity of the microenvironment and the contextual factors.