Viral Mimetic Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.

Purpose: Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Gram-negative bacteria naturally serve as a heterologous nano-engineering platform, functioning as effective multi-use nanovesicles for diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments against pathogens. To apply refined OMVs for human theranostic applications, we developed naturally exposed receptor-binding domain (RBD) OMVs grafted with antigen 43 as a minimal modular system targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).

Methods: We constructed -derived OMVs using the antigen 43 autotransporter system to display RBD referred to as viral mimetic Ag43β700_RBD OMVs.

Subcytotoxic transepidermal delivery using low intensity cold atmospheric plasma.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been utilized in various medical devices using its oxidative nature. Recent studies have provided evidence that CAP can facilitate the delivery of large, hydrophilic molecules through the epidermis to the dermis. On the other hand, a new approach called low-intensity CAP (LICAP) has been developed, allowing the plasma level to be controlled within a subtoxic range, thereby demonstrating various biological benefits without tissue damage.

Comparison of Synovialization and Clinical Outcomes between Anterior Cruciate Ligament Anteromedial Bundle Augmentation and Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes and second-look arthroscopic findings between double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for complete ACL rupture and anteromedial (AM) bundle augmentation with preservation of the posterolateral (PL) bundle in isolated AM bundle rupture. Between 2014 and 2021, we retrospectively analyzed 95 ACL reconstructions with at least 2 years of follow-up. Patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction from January 2014 to June 2021 were included in the study.

Four-component protein nanocages designed by programmed symmetry breaking.

Four, eight or twenty C3 symmetric protein trimers can be arranged with tetrahedral, octahedral or icosahedral point group symmetry to generate closed cage-like structures. Viruses access more complex higher triangulation number icosahedral architectures by breaking perfect point group symmetry, but nature appears not to have explored similar symmetry breaking for tetrahedral or octahedral symmetries. Here we describe a general design strategy for building higher triangulation number architectures starting from regular polyhedra through pseudosymmetrization of trimeric building blocks.

Target-conditioned diffusion generates potent TNFR superfamily antagonists and agonists.

Despite progress in designing protein-binding proteins, the shape matching of designs to targets is lower than in many native protein complexes, and design efforts have failed for the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and other protein targets with relatively flat and polar surfaces. We hypothesized that free diffusion from random noise could generate shape-matched binders for challenging targets and tested this approach on TNFR1. We obtain designs with low picomolar affinity whose specificity can be completely switched to other family members using partial diffusion.