Tools for Improving Access to Subspecialty Care Among Rural Children.

Children living in rural areas encounter unique, significant barriers to the receipt of health care, including pediatric specialty care. In this article, the authors review these barriers and evaluate the advantages and limitations of various access tools intended to better connect children to specialty care. They highlight the potential of some access tools to increase rural primary care physicians' skill and involvement in their patient care, but also the risks of increasing rural primary care providers' workload and responsibilities without increasing their resources.

Tackling immunosuppression by Neisseria gonorrhoeae to facilitate vaccine design.

Gonorrhoea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a common sexually transmitted infection. Increasing multi-drug resistance and the impact of asymptomatic infections on sexual and reproductive health underline the need for an effective gonococcal vaccine. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Neisseria meningitidis induce modest cross-protection against gonococcal infection.

Decompressive craniectomy to cranioplasty: a retrospective observational study using Hospital Episode Statistics in England.

Objectives: To investigate the longitudinal trends of decompressive craniectomy (DC) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke and explore whether the timing of cranial reconstruction affected revision or removal rates using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) between 2014 and 2019.

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study using HES. The time frame definitions mirror those often used in clinical practice.

External Validation of Prognostic Models in Critical Care: A Cautionary Tale From COVID-19 Pneumonitis.

Objectives Background: To externally validate clinical prediction models that aim to predict progression to invasive ventilation or death on the ICU in patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonitis.

Design: Single-center retrospective external validation study.

Data Sources: Routinely collected healthcare data in the ICU electronic patient record.

Towards a core outcome set for cranioplasty following traumatic brain injury and stroke 'A systematic review of reported outcomes'.

Background: There is wide-ranging published literature around cranioplasty following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, but the heterogeneity of outcomes limits the ability for meta-analysis. Consensus on appropriate outcome measures has not been reached, and given the clinical and research interest, a core outcome set (COS) would be beneficial.

Objectives: To collate outcomes currently reported across the cranioplasty literature which will subsequently be used in developing a cranioplasty COS.