Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women.

Rationale: Osteoporosis is an abnormal reduction in bone mass and bone deterioration, leading to increased fracture risk. Alendronate belongs to the bisphosphonate class of drugs, which inhibit bone resorption by interfering with the activity of osteoclasts (bone cells that break down bone tissue). This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2008.

Landscapes-a lens for assessing sustainability.

Context: There are urgent calls to transition society to more sustainable trajectories, at scales ranging from local to global. Landscape sustainability (LS), or the capacity for landscapes to provide equitable access to ecosystem services essential for human wellbeing for both current and future generations, provides an operational approach to monitor these transitions. However, the complexity of landscapes complicates how and what to consider when assessing LS.

Exploratory interviews with Australian clinical research staff on how they communicate with participants.

Background: The connection between participants and their research team can affect how safe, informed, and respected a participant feels, and their willingness to complete a research project. Communication between researchers and participants is key to developing this connection, but there is little published work evaluating how communication during clinical research is conducted.

Purpose: This paper explores what communications happen (and how) with research participants in Australia post consenting to participate in clinical research.

Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Enhances the Resistance of Anammox Consortia under Heavy Metal Stress: Quorum Sensing Regulatory Mechanism.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represents an energy-efficient process for the removal of biological nitrogen from ammonium-rich wastewater. However, the susceptibility of anammox bacteria to coexisting heavy metals considerably restricts their use in engineering practices. Here, we report that acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL), a signaling molecule that mediates quorum sensing (QS), significantly enhances the nitrogen removal rate by 24% under Cu stress.

SENP3-FIS1 axis promotes mitophagy and cell survival under hypoxia.

SUMOylation, the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to target proteins, and its reversal, deSUMOylation by SUMO proteases like Sentrin-specific proteases (SENPs), are crucial for initiating cellular responses to hypoxia. However, their roles in subsequent adaptation processes to hypoxia such as mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) remain unexplored. Here, we show that general SUMOylation, particularly SUMO2/3 modification, suppresses mitophagy under both normoxia and hypoxia.