Blood and urinary cytokine balance and renal outcomes at orthopaedic surgery.

Background: In patients undergoing orthopaedic trauma surgery, acute kidney injury (AKI) can develop post-operatively and is a major cause of increased mortality and hospital stay time. Development of AKI is associated with three main processes: inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and hypoperfusion. In this study, we investigated whether ratios of urine and blood anti-inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers of hypoperfusion, IRI and inflammation are elevated in patients who develop post-trauma orthopaedic surgery acute kidney injury (PTOS-AKI).

Research active medical imaging professionals in Australian metropolitan health services embrace opportunities and can overcome obstacles to engage in research: A mixed methods study.

Introduction: A minority of medical imaging professionals within Australian metropolitan healthcare services are engaging in research activity as part of an emerging research culture. This study aimed to explore the characteristics and experience of medical imaging professionals who engage in research to identify contextual and individual factors that empower them to participate in research.

Methods: A mixed methods observational study consisting of quantitative (survey) and qualitative (semi-structured interview) components using an interpretative description approach was completed with research active medical imaging professionals (radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists and sonographers).

Early neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia.

Aim: Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in preterm infants are associated with an increased risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairments (NDI) and cerebral palsy (CP). However, little is known about their impact on early neurodevelopmental outcomes despite increasing evidence highlighting the feasibility and importance of early NDI/CP diagnosis. We aimed to determine the early neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with IVH and PVL.

APSIM-based modeling approach to understand sorghum production environments in Mali.

Unlabelled: Sorghum production system in the semi-arid region of Africa is characterized by low yields which are generally attributed to high rainfall variability, poor soil fertility, and biotic factors. Production constraints must be well understood and quantified to design effective sorghum-system improvements. This study uses the state-of-the-art in silico methods and focuses on characterizing the sorghum production regions in Mali for drought occurrence and its effects on sorghum productivity.

Crop modeling suggests limited transpiration would increase yield of sorghum across drought-prone regions of the United States.

Breeding sorghum to withstand droughts is pivotal to secure crop production in regions vulnerable to water scarcity. Limited transpiration (LT) restricts water demand at high vapor pressure deficit, saving water for use in critical periods later in the growing season. Here we evaluated the hypothesis that LT would increase sorghum grain yield in the United States.