Suspected primary scapulohumeral osteoarthritis in two Miniature ponies.

Two cases of severe scapulohumeral osteoarthritis in Miniature ponies are described, one bilateral and the other unilateral. The condition is thought to occur in miniature breeds as a result of scapulohumeral dysplasia. The presentation in one of the ponies was unusal: it refused to pick up either fore limb, with progression to a uniquely bizarre gait with narrow forelimb placement, an arched back and widely placed hindlimbs camped well forward under the body.

Analysis of biomedical text for chemical names: a comparison of three methods.

At the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a variety of biomedical vocabularies are found in data pertinent to its mission. In addition to standard medical terminology, there are specialized vocabularies including that of chemical nomenclature. Normal language tools including the lexically based ones used by the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) to manipulate and normalize text do not work well on chemical nomenclature.