Accounting for bias due to outcome data missing not at random: comparison and illustration of two approaches to probabilistic bias analysis: a simulation study.

Background: Bias from data missing not at random (MNAR) is a persistent concern in health-related research. A bias analysis quantitatively assesses how conclusions change under different assumptions about missingness using bias parameters that govern the magnitude and direction of the bias. Probabilistic bias analysis specifies a prior distribution for these parameters, explicitly incorporating available information and uncertainty about their true values.

Systematic Review of Clinical Prediction Models for the Risk of Emergency Caesarean Births.

Background: Globally, caesarean births (CB), including emergency caesareans births (EmCB), are rising. It is estimated that nearly a third of all births will be CB by 2030.

Objectives: Identify and summarise the results from studies developing and validating prognostic multivariable models predicting the risk of EmCBs.

Exploring the importance of family socio-economic position on the association between parental BMI and offspring BMI trajectories.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the associations between parental BMI and offspring BMI trajectories and to explore whether the parent-offspring BMI growth trajectory association differed according to family SEP or social mobility.

Methods: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Children's weight and height were collected from 1 to 18 years.

Protecting Frontline Workers: Strategies for Preventing and Mitigating Violence in the Emergency Department.

Violence in the emergency department (ED) has been escalating for decades worldwide. High-stress situations are commonplace in the ED and can lead to intentional and unintentional aggression from patients. Staff must be educated on the signs of violence and escalation to recognize potentially dangerous situations early.

Codesign and refinement of an optimised antenatal education session to better inform women and prepare them for labour and birth.

Objective: Our objective was to codesign, implement, evaluate acceptability and refine an optimised antenatal education session to improve birth preparedness.

Design: There were four distinct phases: codesign (focus groups and codesign workshops with parents and staff); implementation of intervention; evaluation (interviews, questionnaires, structured feedback forms) and systematic refinement.

Setting: The study was set in a single maternity unit with approximately 5500 births annually.