A cynomolgus monkey urinary tract infection model confirms efficacy of new FimH vaccine candidates.

The increase in urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by antibiotic-resistant requires the development of new therapeutic agents and prophylactic vaccines. To evaluate the efficacy of new lead candidates, we implemented a cynomolgus macaque UTI challenge model that mimics human uncomplicated cystitis in response to transurethral challenge with a multidrug-resistant (MDR) serotype O25b ST131 isolate. fimbrial adhesin FimH and O-antigens are separately under clinical evaluation by others as vaccine candidates to prevent UTI and invasive urosepsis disease, respectively.

Individual differences in everyday multitasking behavior and its relation to cognition and personality.

Our ability to multitask-focus on multiple tasks simultaneously-is one of the most critical functions of our cognitive system. This capability has shown to have relations to cognition and personality in empirical studies, which have received much attention recently. This review article integrates the available findings to examine how individual differences in multitasking behavior are linked with different cognitive constructs and personality traits to conceptualize what multitasking behavior represents.

Transfer of Tactile Learning from Trained to Untrained Body Parts Supported by Cortical Coactivation in Primary Somatosensory Cortex.

A pioneering study by Volkmann (1858) revealed that training on a tactile discrimination task improved task performance, indicative of tactile learning, and that such tactile learning transferred from trained to untrained body parts. However, the neural mechanisms underlying tactile learning and transfer of tactile learning have remained unclear. We trained groups of human subjects (female and male) in daily sessions on a tactile discrimination task either by stimulating the palm of the right hand or the sole of the right foot.

Heading for Personalized rTMS in Tinnitus: Reliability of Individualized Stimulation Protocols in Behavioral and Electrophysiological Responses.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation tool potentially modulating pathological brain activity. Its clinical effectiveness is hampered by varying results and characterized by inter-individual variability in treatment responses. RTMS individualization might constitute a useful strategy to overcome this variability.