Does simulation training in final year make new graduates feel more prepared for the realities of professional practice?

Introduction: The transition from medical student to doctor has long been a source of concern, with widespread reporting of new graduates' lack of preparedness for medical practice. Simulation has been suggested as a way to improve preparedness, particularly due to the difficulties in allowing full autonomy for patient care for undergraduate medical students. Few studies look at simulation alone for this purpose, and no studies have compared different simulation formats to assess their impact on preparedness.

Tumor growth under rhGM-CSF application in an orthotopic rodent glioma model.

Regulation of the host immune response serves a pivotal role in the persistence and progression of malignant glioma. To date, cytotoxic cluster of differentiation (CD)-8+ T and natural killer cells are considered the main cellular components of host tumor control. The influence of macrophages in an orthotropic C6 tumor implantation model was investigated and the aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of systemic macrophage-activation on glioma growth by using the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF).

Vestibular Schwannoma Resection in a Consecutive Series of 502 Cases via the Retrosigmoid Approach: Technical Aspects, Complications, and Functional Outcome.

Objective: Outcome in vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery has improved enormously over the last decades. Surgical positioning remains a matter of discussion. A standardized protocol for diagnostics and management has been applied and evaluated for complications and functional outcome.

Bruit-enhancing phonoangiogram filter using sub-band autoregressive linear predictive coding.

Subjective analysis of bruits has long been an element of vascular access physical exams. Digital recordings of blood flow bruits-phonoangiograms (PAGs)-may provide an objective, non-imaging measure of vascular access stenosis. We have analyzed the long-term stability in PAGs from typical dialysis patients with arteriovenous fistulas and grafts and found that typical patients have correlated PAG spectra.